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Year 13 History- USA > 1920-1945 Political > Flashcards

1920-1945 Political Flashcards

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1
Q

who was andrew mellon?

A

secretary of the treasury (i.e chancellor)

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2
Q

what was the 1922-23 teapot dome scandal?

A

in whyoming, high officials in rep administration accused of corruption in leasing oil reserves- ruined hardings reputation

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3
Q

who succeeded harding after his death in 1923?

A

coolidge

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4
Q

what did harding promise during the 1920 election?

A

return to ‘normalcy’

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5
Q

was harding an isolationist or expansionist?

A

isolationist

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6
Q

what 3 things did the reps promote during the 1920s?

A
  • low tariffs (fordney-mcumber 1922)
  • low taxes
  • LF/rugged individualism
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7
Q

what were immigrants, especially from europe, suspected as being?

A

communists/anarchists

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8
Q

what was the american dream?

A

encouraged/celebrated capitalism in the pursuit of wealth

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9
Q

who were sacco and vanzetti, and why are they famous?

A

italian immigrants who were anrchists

found guilty of armed robbery and murder in 1920(executed in 27), despite 107 witnesses saying they were elsewhere at the time AND IN 1925 THE MURDERER CAME FORWARD AND CONFESSED

JURY DIDNT BELIEVE WITNESSES BECAUSE THEY WERE ALL ITALIAN

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10
Q

who are WASPs?

A

white anglo saxon protestants (i.e. earliest american immigrants)

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11
Q

what were the 3 most notable immigration acts of the time and what were they?

A
  • 1917 immigration law= banned all from asia, had to prove they could read english, immigration fee of $8
  • 1921 emergency quota act= immigrants from ‘eastern hemisphere’ could be no more 3% of the number from that country in the USA in 1910+max immigrants per year was 370k
  • 1924 reed-johnson act= max immigtants per year 154k, eastern hemisphere quarter down to 2% of those in the USA in 1890, south/east europe only 20k/year, rest of europe only 4k/year
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12
Q

how many banks went out of business due to the depression?

A

5000

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13
Q

how much did industrial production drop by due to the depression?

A

45%

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14
Q

who were the bonus marchers and what happened to them?

A

ww1 veterans who went to the whitehouse to demand their pensions early

hoover used tear gas on them, causing outrage

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15
Q

give 2 economic failings of hoover during the depression?

A
  • rejected Keynesianism

- reliant on voluntarism

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16
Q

how did america cause the depression to become global?

A

recalled its european war loans which countries were already struggling to pay

17
Q

how much money did hoover grant the federal farm board?

A

$47m

18
Q

why was the smoot-hawley tariff bad?

A

strangled international trade

19
Q

how many people were unemployed in 1931?

A

7m

20
Q

how many votes did the dems win by in 1932?

A

7m

21
Q

give 6 reasons why fdr won in 1932?

A
  • hoover blamed for depression
  • hoover seen as shit on the people
  • hoover seen as doing too little too late
  • roosevelt had been perceived as sound during his time as governor of NY
  • roosevelt a class public speaker
  • new deal!
22
Q

how many speeches did fdr make on his campaign, and how far did he travel by train?

A

66

20,800km

23
Q

when did the ‘hundred days’ with the emergency powers act start?

A

9/3/1933

24
Q

give 4 ways fdr restored confidence in the american people?

A
  • abolished prohibition
  • fireside chats
  • bank holiday (emergency banking act- closed all banks for 4 days, checking they were decent and that they would now operate by the federal reserve)
  • securities and exchange commission restored faith and security in the stock market
25
Q

give 4 ways fdr sorted the economy?

A
  • Budget; did not run deficit budgets, cut gov. workers wages 15%
  • Bankruptcies; farm loan act/ bankruptcy act/ home loan act
  • Prices and Wages; AAA, NRA, no more child labour
  • Currency; stopped people owning gold, increased price of gold to $35/ounce
26
Q

give 4 alphabet agencies and what they did?

A
  • CCC: provided paid conservation work to young men-2.5m had taken part by 1941
  • FERA: matched funding to help states organise payments to organise payments to the unemployed and homeless
  • WPA: ran works projects for the unemployed, allowing a small wage
  • TVA: built 21 dams in 10 years to stop flooding, provide cheap electricity and provide work
27
Q

what 2 alphabet agencies did the SC rule illegal because it took away the rights of the states to run their own affairs?

A

AAA

NRA

28
Q

what did the National labour relations act 1935 (Wagner Act) do?

A

replaced NRA
protected workers rights to join a union
set up national labour relations boards to prevent employers victimising workers

29
Q

what replaced the AAA?

A

soil conservation act 1935

30
Q

what did the SSA (1935) do?

A

first system of social welfare in usa

  • set up old age pensions
  • helped the disabled
  • helped children in need
  • set up unemployment insurance
31
Q

what did the national housing act 1937 do?

A

provided loans for houses

reduced excessive rents

32
Q

what did the fair labour standards act 1938 do?

A

set hours and conditions of work

fixed a minimum wage

33
Q

what was unemployment down to in 1937 compared to 1935)?

A

7.7m (down from 10.6m)

34
Q

what happened when fdr tried to cut gov expenditure in 1938?

A

unemployment rose to 10.4m

35
Q

why was the new deal bad for blacks?

A

they were often laid off directly as a result of attempts to give workers rights

36
Q

who were BRASS opposition to the new deal?

A 
Businessmen 
Republicans 
Activists (left and right)
State governments
Supreme court

Year 13 History- USA (8 decks)

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