1911 - 1946 Consent and control in the fascist dictatorship Flashcards
What Changed in the Fascist regarding schools?
.Portrait of Mussolini in every classroom
.Taught reading with fascist cartoons
.Posters put up emphasising fascist achievements
.History text books that were unpatriotic replaced with more patriotic ones.
.1933 all new teachers had to be party members
What Changed in the Fascist regarding Universities?
.Got Students to join university fascist youth which had many benefits to students eg; sport facilities, enhanced career prospects etc.
What Changed in the Fascist regarding Fascist Youth movements?
.Youth movements such as Balilla and Giovani Italiane, were set up focusing on sports to build strong Italian race, with Mose children joining them.
What was the Role of the OND (Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro)?
.provision of libraries .Showing films .arranging summer camps .welfare for workers .Building clubhouses for communities .Providing sports facilities and fixtures
What was the growth of the OND like?
300,000 in 1926 to 2.4M in 1935
What way’s did the Fascists use propaganda in the media?
Cinema -
.Subtle propaganda not pushed hard mix of movies
.main propaganda at start of movie with biased newsreel
Radio -
.1938 there were more than 1 million radios set up.
.Direct fascist control, used for propaganda and Mussolini’s speeches.
What did Mussolini do about press opposition?
.At first they bought the critical newspapers and replaced the editors with fascists.
.However they eventually just shut down in 1925 where independent newspapers were shut down and journalist’s arrested.
.From now on journalists had to be registered with the fascists.
What was the idea of the cult of the Duce?
.Propaganda used to advertise Mussolini as the archetype of a strong leader & masculine men, the propaganda used Military themes and outfits to help this image and was successful.
How was art used in Propaganda?
.two main ideas of art; Neo classicists (roman style) & modernists who favoured clean lines and geometric shapes.
.Used art shows 50 a year to get the public used to the art.
.Artist’s expected to profess loyalty to the regime.
How was architecture used in Propaganda?
.PNF used architecture, such as grand buildings in Milan and Rome to show the stability and power of the regime.
.Eg; The Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR)
What was the role of the security services?
Use of police and OVRA (Fascist secret police) to keep order, intimidate and in some cases murder political opponents, The OVRA could tap telephones and spy on fascists and anti fascists.
Was their anti Semitic policies in the regime?
.At the start there was no anti semitism, with many fascist’s being Jewish, however in 1937 this changed due to the closeness of the Nazi’s and fascist’s, however the laws were unpopular with most Italians and never fully supported.
