1905 revolution

Question 1

Causes

Answer 1

Repression of the Russian people
Poor leadership by Nicholas I I
Uneducated people
Controlling leadership 
Star unable to connect with the people
No participation in government 
Lack of freedom and human rights
Use of force to rule
People were poor
Religious conformity

Question 2

Main causes

Answer 2

Beliefs of Nicholas I I

Problems with modernisation with workers and peasants

Problems with the intelligentsia

The actions of Nicholas the second including the Rosso Japanese war and bloody Sunday

Question 3

Beliefs of Nicholas I I

Answer 3

Believed in the Royal prerogative

He revealed his father Alexander III he was a reactionary autocrat and he kept many of the same advisors preventing reform

Influenced by his childhood mentor Pobedonostsev

Tsarina Alexander remote public figure

In the 1897 census he was listed as the owner of Russia

With these bullies he used all the repressive machinery of earlier tsars

Bloody Sunday lead to calls from the crowd of ‘there is no tsar’

Modernisation came into conflict with his autocratic beliefs

Question 4

Problems with modernisation

Answer 4

The urban population doubled from 7.3 to 14. 6 million between 1867 1897
Where has worked 12+ hours and what working conditions were poor and dangerous
Industrialisation resulted in overcrowding in 1904 an average Saint PetersBerg apartment housed 16 people six per room
Economic depression in 1900s resulted in increasing unemployment
Workers were not permitted to go on strike to appeal for better conditions
The first major strike in Saint Petersburg was in 1896 and which 30,000 textiles workers went on strike
There was a general strike in Saint Petersburg in 1903 suppressed by am in action
In January 19 05 just before bloody Sunday workers at the Putilov steelworks in Saint Petersburg had gone on strike

Question 5

Problems with the peasants

Answer 5

82% of Russia were classed as peasants in the 1897 census
They were free from serfdom however peasants now had to make redemption payments to the government for the land they farmed - creating debt
68% of the land was owned by peasants in 1905 but many still struggle to feed families
Peasants heavily taxed
In 1891 400,000 people died of famine and the bad harvest in 1902 resulted in many peasants defaulting on their mortgage or rent
Peasants were involved in the 1905 revolution and the attacks on the gentries estates show how they resented the wealth this was done by the peasants union

Question 6

Problems with the intelligentsia

Answer 6

Had no political influence

They set up the union of liberation in 1904 to campaign for more representation in government

Over 70,000 were involved in the Zemstva in 1905

Banqueting campaigns

University students banned from holding public meetings violators imprisoned

Question 7

The Russo Japanese war

Answer 7

Russian army suffered multiple disasters - the fall of Port Arthur in January 19 05, The defeat of the army at Mukden, And the defeat of the Baltic fleet at Tsushima in May 19 05
The SRs Used terror to undermine the power of the government
Three major strikes and Saint Petersburg

Liberals began public banquet campaigns

The Potemkin mutiny made it look like disorder was going to spread to the whole Baltic fleet so the Russian Japanese war was linked to disorder in the Armed Forces

Question 8

Bloody Sunday

Answer 8

22nd of January 1905 workers marched to the centre of Saint Petersburg to present a petition to the Tsar At the Winter Palace
The czarist troops opened fire into the crowds with 200 killed and 800 warranty throughout the city following bloody Sunday there were violent crashes throughout Russia 400,000 workers went on strike in protest universities were closed and in Warsaw 93 died, overall 2000 were killed by June