19.02 Flashcards
definition of AKI
↑ creatinine > 26µmol/L in 48 hours
↑ creatinine > 50% in 7 days
↓ urine output < 0.5ml/kg/hr for more than 6 hours
Hiccups in palliative care - tx?
chlorpromazine or haloperidol
autoimmune hepatitis in a woman px with
amenorrhea
timeframe for alcohol excess
1.tremor, sweating, tachycardia, anxiety
2. seizure
3. coarse tremor, confusion, delusions,
- 6-12h
- 36h
- 48-72h
pepperpot vs raindrop skull
pepperpot: hyperparathyroid
raindrop: multiple myeloma
pyoderma gangrenosum tx
Oral prednisolone
typically presents initially with a small blood blister or red bump before progressing to a large deep violaceous ulcer, commonly affecting the lower limbs. The patient’s background of ulcerative colitis is also a clue to the diagnosis, given inflammatory bowel disease can predispose patients to developing pyoderma gangrenosum.
asymptomatic but eGFR stage 1 or stage 1?
do not diagnose CKD
_________ are beneficial in proteinuric CKD, regardless of diabetic status
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Thyrotoxic storm is treated with beta ______________
blockers, propylthiouracil and hydrocortisone
Thyrotoxicosis with tender goitre and raised ESR =
subacute (De Quervain’s) thyroiditis
Ix and Tx for osteomyelitis
MRI
fluclox
An MSU should be sent for _________ with a suspected urinary tract infection
all women over > 65-years-old
___________are symptoms of SSRI discontinuation syndrome
Dizziness, electric shock sensations and anxiety
A 62-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with an acute loss of vision, pain, and redness in her left eye. She noticed some eye discomfort and reddening in the morning, which became severe over the next two hours.
She denies trauma and any other visual disturbance. Her past medical history includes osteoarthritis, left eye cataract surgery three days ago, and unremarkable family history.
On examination, the left eye is hyperaemic with hypopyon. Eye movements are painful and visual acuity is severely reduced. The right eye is normal.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
endophthalmitis
an infection of the aqueous and vitreous humour of the eye. This is a rare complication of any eye surgery
Patients presenting to primary care who have pneumonia ________________if their CRB-65 score is 0
can usually be managed in the community with oral antibiotics
fever, hypotension and a rash → desquamation
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
Mining occupation, upper zone fibrosis, egg-shell calcification of hilar nodes →
? silicosis
____________ are a way of reducing the number of sickle red cells and increasing the number of normal red cells, in order to improve oxygenation
Exchange transfusions
_________- most commonly causes a cavitating pneumonia in the upper lobes, mainly in diabetics and alcoholics
Klebsiella
‘red-currant jelly’ sputum
___________is a key investigation for a suspected perforated peptic ulcer
An erect chest x-ray
Do drugs causse upper or lower lobe fibrosis? what causes upper lobe fibrosis?
lower
Radiotherapy may result in radiation pneumonitis, typically causing upper zone lung fibrosis
__________ is the investigation of choice for intussusception
Ultrasound
Pyloric stenosis - non-bilious vomiting, around 1 month old presentation
Intussusception - bilious vomiting, and 1-3yrs
________ are contraindicated in aortic stenosis
Nitrates
GCS supraorbital pressure: To be counted as localising, the arm must _________________, else it should be scored as ‘flexing’
be brought above the clavicle
pneumonia with target rash + reticular shadowing
mycoplasmaa pneumoniae
__________ is the most likely diagnosis in an uncircumcised man, who has developed a tight white ring around the tip of the foreskin and phimosis
Lichen sclerosis
lichen Planus
planus: purple, pruritic, papular, polygonal rash on flexor surfaces. Wickham’s striae over surface. Oral involvement common
sclerosus: itchy white spots typically seen on the vulva of elderly women
_________ can cause a false negative Mantoux test
Sarcoidosis
A non-healing painless ulcer associated with a chronic scar is indicative of
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
antiviral treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and as a monotherapy for hepatitis B virus
Lamivudine
