1900-Present Flashcards
Tehran conference
A 1943 meeting of leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviets; agreed on the opening of a second front in France
Potsdam conference
A 1945 meeting of leaders of the US, Great Britain, and the Soviets in which it was agreed that the Soviets would be given control of Eastern Europe and that Germany would be divided into zones of occupations
Geneva Conference
A 1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel
Helsinki accords
A 1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by Western European countries and the Soviet Union
Cultural revolution
Chinese movement from 1966 to 1976 intended to establish an egalitarian todety of peasants and Cultural revolution workers,
European Economic Community
A Common Market organized in 1958 whicht tariffs among member nations and created a common tariff policy for other world nations
Spanish civil war
A conflict from 1936 to 1939 that resulted in the installation of fascist dictator Francisco Franci as ruler of Spain: Franco’s forces were backed by Germany and ltaly, whereas the soviet Union supported the Spanish civil war opposing republican forces
Kabuki theatre
A form of japanese theater developed in the seventeenth century that features colorful scenery and costumes and an exaggerated style of acting
Coalition
A government based on temporary alliances of several political parties
Yalta conference
A meeting of the leaders of the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and the United States in 1945 the Soviet Union agreed to enter the war against Japan in exchange for influence in the Eastern European states. The Yalta Conference also made plans for the establishment of a new international organimation.
Iron curtain
A metaphorical description of the divide between the Communist East and Democratic Western Europe
Welfare state
A nation in which the government plays an active role in providing services such as social security to its citizens
British commonwealth
A political community consisting of the United Kingdom, its dependencies, and former colonies of Great British commonwealth of Nations Britain that are now sovereign nations; currently called the Commonwealt
Facism
A political movement that is characterized by extreme nationalism, one-party rule, and the denial of individual rights.
Alliances for progress
A program of economic aid for Latin America in exchange for a pledge to establish democratic institutions part of US, President Kennedy’s international program.
Pan Slavic movement
A Russian attempt to unite ali slavic nations into a commonwealth relationship under the influence of Russia
Cubism
A school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric forms
Al queda
A terrorist group based in Afghanistan in the late twentieth and early twenty first centuries.
Ayatollah
A traditional Muslim religious ruler
Russification
A tsarist program that required non Russians to speak only Russian and provided education only for those groups loyal to Russia
Mandate
A type of colony in which the government isoverseen by another nation, as in the Middle Eastern Manda mandates placed under European control after World War I
Marshall Plan
A US plan to support the recovery and reconstruction of Western Europe after World War
International space station
A vehicle sponsored by sixteen nations that circles the earth while carrying out experiments
Berlin Wall
A wall, built by the East German Communist government, to separate the Democratic Western Berlin
World bank
An agency of the United Nations that offers loans to countries to promote trad and economic development
Import substitution industrialization
An economic by restricting foreign system that attempts to strengthen a country’s industrial power by restricting foreign imports.
International Monetary Fund
An international organization begun in 199s to promote and organize world trade
International Monetary Fund
An international organization founded in 1944 to promote market economies and free trade An organization designed to reduce trade barriers and promote economic unity in Europe ; it was formed in 1993 to replace the European Community
North American Free Trade organization
An organization that bits tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico, the United States, and Canada. (NAFTA)
Guomindang
China’s nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912 and based on democrat principles; in 1925, the party was taken over by Jiang Jieshi, who made it into a mare authoritarian party.
Containment
Cold War policy of the United States whose purpose was to prevent the spread of communism
Government of India Act
In 1935, The British law passed in 1935 which increased suffrage and turned provinciai governments over to Indian leaders
Central powers
In World War Germany, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria, the ottoman Empire, and other nations who fought with them against the Allies.
Allied powers
In World War I, the nations of Great Britain, France, Russia, the United States, and others that fought against the Central Powers; in World War the group of nations including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, that fought against the Axis Powers.
League of Nations
International organization founded after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among nations.
Service industries
occupations that provided a service rather than a manufactured or agricultural product
Organization of petroleum exporting countries
organization formed in 1960 by oil producing countries to regulate oil supplies and prices (OPEC)
Evangelical
pertaining to preaching the Gospel (the good news) or pertaining to theologically conservative Christians
Five years plan
Plans for industrial production first introduced to the Soviet Union in 1928 by Stalin, they succeeded in making the Soviet Union a major industrial power by the end of the 1930s.
Appeasement
policy of Great Britain and France of making concessions to Hitler in the 1930s.
Kulaks
Russian peasants who became wealthy under Lenin’s New Economic Policy
Afrikaners
South Africans who were descended from the Dutch who settled in South Africa in the seventeenth century
Hubble space telescope
Telescope able to peer deep into space
Treaty of Breat litovsk
The 1918 treaty ending World War between Germany and the Soviet Union
The treaty of versailles
The 1919 peace treaty between Germany and the Allied nations; it blamed the war on Germany and assessed heavy reparations and large territorial losses on the part of German
Glasnost
The 1985 policy of Mikhail Gorbachev that allowed openness of expression of ideas in the Soviet Union on to liberate Kuwait from an Iraqi invasion.
Persian gulf war
The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S-led coalition to liberate Kuwait from an Iraqi invasion
Deoxyribonucleic acid
The blueprint of heredity.
No theatre
The classical Japanese drama with music and dances performed on a simple stage by elaborately dressed actors
Brinkmanship
The Cold War policy of the soviet Union and the united States of threatening to go to war at a sign of aggression on the part of either power
Collectivization
The combination of several small farms into government controlled farm
Great Leap Forward
The disastrous economic policy introduced by Mao zedong tial proposed the implementation of small scale industrial projects on individual peasant communes
Sputnik
The first man-made satellite, launched by the Soviet Union
Anschluss
The German annexation of Austria prior to World War II
United Nations
The international organization founded in 1945 to establish peace and cooperation among nations.
Holcaust
The Nazi program during World War ll that killed 6 million Jews and other groups considered undesirable
Reparations
The payment of war debts by the losing side
Great Depression
The severe worldwide economic downturn that began in the late 1920s and continued into the 1930s throughout many regions of the world
Apartheid
The South African policy of separation of the races
Mcdonaldization
The spread of American culture and values around the world
Euro
The standard currency introduced and adopted by the majority of members of the European Union in January 2002.
Genocide
The systematic killing of an entire ethnic group
Cold War
The tense diplomatic relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War
Mass consumerism
Trade in products designed to appeal to a global market
National organization for women
U.S. organization founded in 1969 to campaign for women’s rights
New deal
U.S. President Roosevelt’s program to relieve the economic problems of the Great Depression; it increased government involvement in the society of the United States
Cartels
Unions of independent businesses in order to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods.
Korean conflict
war between Communist North Korea, aided by China, and Capitalist South Korea, aided by the United States
Cuban missile crisis
when in 1962, the Soviets constructed nuclear missiles in Cuba which brought days of tense confrontation between Khrushchev and U.S. President Kennedy. Khrushchev ultimately backed down, and the missiles were removed
May fourth movement
A 1919 protest in Gina against the treaty of Versailles and foreign influence
