Ottomans

Question 1

Who created the first Ottoman emp. State?

Answer 1

Osman I

Question 2

Ulema

Answer 2

Muslim scholars of Islamic studies

Question 3

Janissaries

Answer 3

Christian children converted to Muslims and trained to be loyal to sultan and military

Question 4

Conquest

Answer 4

Conquered Balkans, hegemony over eastern Mediterranean , destruction of the Byzantine

Question 5

Selim I

Answer 5

Conquered North Africa and Egypt, controlled coastal ports in Triopoli, Tunis and Algiers, defeated Marmluks in Egypt

Question 6

Suleiman the magnificent

Answer 6

Attacked Romania, Hungary, and Austria Holy R.E., lawgiver , religious tolerance, GOLDEN AGE, patrons of the arts

Question 7

Women’s status

Answer 7

Queen ran household and had diplomatic relations with foreign officials, own property, retained property after marriage, real estate

Question 8

Religion

Answer 8

Ruled both Sunni and Shiites, governed Jews/orthodox christians/ Catholic/Protestants, no equal rights, Jiyza head tax, millet administration

Question 9

Harem

Answer 9

Where concubines lived

Question 10

Millet

Answer 10

Administrative unit for each religious group

Question 11

Sultan

Answer 11

The ruler of Ottoman Emp, is hereditary

Question 12

Empire decline

Answer 12

Inexperience successors, trade routes no longer important to Europeans, big population, less control, sick man of Europe, WWI was end of this empire

Question 13

Advantage in location of BW Anatolia bc….

Answer 13

They are able to expand westward, being able to take over Bosporous and Dardanelles btwn med. and Black Sea

Question 14

Beys

Answer 14

Provincial governors that collected taxes from local Slavic peasants after driving out the previous landlords

Question 15

Orkhan

Answer 15

First to lead ottomans into Byzantine and conquered

Question 16

Murad

Answer 16

Orkhans son, power in Balkans, Capital Edrine, strong military and army due to janissaries

Question 17

Battle of Kosovo

Answer 17

Murad beat Serbians

Question 18

Bayazid I

Answer 18

Successor of Murad, annexed Bulgaria, slaughtered French at battle of Danube, defeated at Ankara by Mongol warrior Tamerlane

Question 19

Mehmet II

Answer 19

successor of Murad, CONTROLLED Constantinople- Constantinople tried to block naval attack but army dragged ships on land from Bosporus

Question 20

What holy cities did the Ottomans control?

Answer 20

Jerusalem, Mecca , Medina

Question 21

Which leader declared himself caliphate?

Answer 21

Selim I

Question 22

Pashas

Answer 22

Responsible of Istanbul , collect taxes, organized tribute, maintained law and order

Question 23

Where did the ottomans originate and who were they?

Answer 23

Migrated from Asia Minor and were vassals of the Seljuk Turks

Question 24

Why wasn’t there much control and administration over the coastal cities of Africa?

Answer 24

The ottomans only cared about the trade routes through the shares and along Nile