Ottomans Flashcards
Who created the first Ottoman emp. State?
Osman I
Ulema
Muslim scholars of Islamic studies
Janissaries
Christian children converted to Muslims and trained to be loyal to sultan and military
Conquest
Conquered Balkans, hegemony over eastern Mediterranean , destruction of the Byzantine
Selim I
Conquered North Africa and Egypt, controlled coastal ports in Triopoli, Tunis and Algiers, defeated Marmluks in Egypt
Suleiman the magnificent
Attacked Romania, Hungary, and Austria Holy R.E., lawgiver , religious tolerance, GOLDEN AGE, patrons of the arts
Women’s status
Queen ran household and had diplomatic relations with foreign officials, own property, retained property after marriage, real estate
Religion
Ruled both Sunni and Shiites, governed Jews/orthodox christians/ Catholic/Protestants, no equal rights, Jiyza head tax, millet administration
Harem
Where concubines lived
Millet
Administrative unit for each religious group
Sultan
The ruler of Ottoman Emp, is hereditary
Empire decline
Inexperience successors, trade routes no longer important to Europeans, big population, less control, sick man of Europe, WWI was end of this empire
Advantage in location of BW Anatolia bc….
They are able to expand westward, being able to take over Bosporous and Dardanelles btwn med. and Black Sea
Beys
Provincial governors that collected taxes from local Slavic peasants after driving out the previous landlords
Orkhan
First to lead ottomans into Byzantine and conquered
Murad
Orkhans son, power in Balkans, Capital Edrine, strong military and army due to janissaries
Battle of Kosovo
Murad beat Serbians
Bayazid I
Successor of Murad, annexed Bulgaria, slaughtered French at battle of Danube, defeated at Ankara by Mongol warrior Tamerlane
Mehmet II
successor of Murad, CONTROLLED Constantinople- Constantinople tried to block naval attack but army dragged ships on land from Bosporus
What holy cities did the Ottomans control?
Jerusalem, Mecca , Medina
Which leader declared himself caliphate?
Selim I
Pashas
Responsible of Istanbul , collect taxes, organized tribute, maintained law and order
Where did the ottomans originate and who were they?
Migrated from Asia Minor and were vassals of the Seljuk Turks
Why wasn’t there much control and administration over the coastal cities of Africa?
The ottomans only cared about the trade routes through the shares and along Nile
