1900-1918 Flashcards
Balfour [1902-05]
Education Act 1902
1902 education bill
– overhaul to the education system
– provided state provision for secondary schools
– abolished school boards in England and Wales and gave their responsibilities to the local council, called Local Education Authorities (LEAs)
– they could create/ fund secondary schools and develop existing elementary schools
– this ment church schools could be publicly funded
Balfour [1902-05]
Licensing Act 1904
Control the number of public houses
if pubs and brewers licenses were taken away they could be compensated
Balfour [1902-05]
Chinese slavery in South Africa
Shortages in mines so they imported 50,000 Chinese laborers (outrage by everyone gov does little to sort it)
Balfour [1902-05]
★ Taff Vale judgement 1901★
The house of Lord say trade unions could be sued by employers for loss of earnings in a strike when unlawful picketing takes place
however it doesn’t say what about the picketing is unlawful so the regulations are unclear
Heavily opposed by Trade Unions and Labour
Sir Henry Campbell Bannerman [1905-08]
The Education (provision of meals) acts 1906
Local education authorities use rate money to provide meals for needy children
(labour idea nicked by libs)
LEAs pay for school meals of Needy children (Labour Mp Idea)
Sir Henry Campbell Bannerman [1905-08]
The trades dispute act 1906
The unions can no longer be sued for damages occurred during a strike
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Osborne judgment 1909
Political contributions are made illegal so now trade unions can’t fund labour MPs who rely on it to be paid
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Trade union acts 1913
Reversed the Osborne judgment of 1909 ( got rid of the no political contributions law )
so now trade unions can fund labour
Disraeli doctrine 1870
A view by Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin dysraeli (1870) that HOL should only use its veto power to amend bills in certain circumstances such as:
When HOC oppinion = very divided and the bill only passed by small majority
Public opinion was clearly against the proposal
The issue would result in such fundamental change
– that government should be allowed to make such change without asking the voters first in a general election
• didn’t apply to Liberal government of 1906
– because they won a massive majority and therefore no Bill that was likely to pass a narrow majority of liberals
– this would limit how much the HOL could justifiably interfere with the actions of the Liberal government
Sir Henry Campbell Bannerman [1905-08]
Campbell bannerman’s 1907 series of resolutions on the House of Lords
Calling for limitations on the power HOL to delay, amend or veto legislation
– widespread support in HOC but had no real Power to restrict the HOL’s power
• cabinet = divided to decide whether they should restrict the HOL’s powers or reform the HOL particularly it’s composition
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Liberal budget 1909
The budget raised income tax over £3,000 from 9d to 1S 2D
– including additional tax on incomes over £5,000
Give allowances of £10 per year for children under 16
– avalible to families of annual incomes of less than £500
• Land tax which required property surveys to identify high value land was used to put a tax on inherited properties and high value land
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
parliment act 1911 + Crisis May 1910-Aug 1911
HOL can’t veto money bills and the HOL isn’t a polished and can only veto a bill for 2 years before it is passed
Asquith and King meets May 1910, Know HOL wont pass it
– King agrees to create more Liberal lords to pass the Bill but only if a general election was called on the issue
Gen election Dec 1910 to pass it
272 Lib 272 Tor
relys on 84 Irish Nationals to pass act
may 1911 Act goes to HoL
August 1911:
HOL vote for it 131:114
Rats = Lords who want it
Hedgers = undecided
Ditchers = oppose it (cuz walked out)
Passed
Balfour Resigns and Tory Leader
Bonar Law replaces him
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
home rule bill 1912
(britain)
general election every 5 years
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
(failed) concilidation bill 1910
Enfranchisment (give vote) of women in the bias of either a householder or an occupation franchise
(women who own houses)
would give 8% of women the vote
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Cat And Mouse Act 1913
women on hunger strike were released and then rearrested once they ate to controll the number of them hunger striking
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
(failed) franchise bill 1911
full male adult suffarage
(gov decided to abolish plural voting instead)
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Third Irish home rule bill 1912
After the first two veto by the House of Lords, with them now no longer able to do that for more than two years
the Irish National Party helped win the vote for the People’s budget
So the liberals granted them a home rule bill in which
an Irish parliament with an elected house of commons
and a senate with limited power over money bills
42 Irish MPs at Westminster
and the Ulster was included in the new parlement
carson and the unionists+torys+ Bonar law opposed it because the Ulster was involved+ unionist rally july 1912
Asquith and the Liberal supported it and said that Bonar law and the conservative speech against it was “reckless and grammar of Anarchy”
Redmond internationalist supporters some bits but wanted more independence but they saw it as a starting point
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Labour exchanges 1909
Provided a place of people to find work
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman [1905-08]
School meals act 1906
Free school meal for poor children
made compulsory in 1911
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Coal mines act 1908-1911
8 hour day inmproved health and saftey
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
National Insurance act 1911 (unemploy)
unemployment pay if:
Out of work for a short time EG construction and engineering
insured workers: 7s/week for 15 weeks
paid in weekly contributions of 2½d from workers employers and the gov
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
insurance act part 2
unemployment act 1911 (health)
sick pay 10s for 13 weeks (7s 6d for women)
then 5s per week for 13 weeks after that
(later become 10s for entire 26 weeks)
30s meternaty grant for women
5s/week disability
+free medical benifits under a doctor
all workers earning <£160/week 16-60 yrs old
15 mill ppl overal
tobpay for this weekly payments were taken from workers(4d) employers (3d) and the gov (2d)
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Trade boards 1909
min wage in sweated trade e.g chain makers
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Shops Act 1911
shop assistants get ½ a day of + sunday
H.H. Asquith [1908-16]
Old Age Pention Act 1908
70+yrs
5s/week if:
annual income of less than £21
with a sliding scale of what you received £21‐31 £31+=nothing
couldnt get it if:
been in prison in the last 10 yrs
claimed poor releif in the last year or not worked regularly
Sir Henry Campbell Bannerman [1905-08]
Education act 1907
Compulsory medical inspections by doctors in schools at least three times during their time at school the first is as soon as they start
This is to highlight the poor health of the recruits for the boer War and so that it doesn’t happen again
H.H. Asquith [1908-1916]
The Children’s Act 1908
This made parental neglect illegal
child allowences for poorset of familys (from 1909) £10/child
juvenile courts + remand homes for young offenders (previously sent to adult prisons)
illegal to sell tobacco + alcohol to children in unsealed containers
H.H. Asquith [1908-1916]
national insurance bill 1911
Response from the Labour Party
They believed it wasn’t enough to help the unemployed and the unhealthy and
they believe that they were going to do it they better do it properly (didnt)
they believed that they needed to give people a chance to earn money their own way and not to tackle unemployment by just paying them
They also predicted that that wasn’t enough money being given to be able to live off in the first place so it would be unaffective
H.H. Asquith [1908-1916]
National insurance bill 1911
Conservative Party response
They believe that the bill took away from people’s independence
10 weeks before it was passed in the HoC, the HOL vetoed it which eventually led to the constitutional crisis
they didn’t approve of it due to being it literally being against everything that they stood for
H.H. Asquith [1908-1916]
National insurance bill 1911
response from medical professionals
Believed it was too close to socialism of which there was a rising fear of in Europe
and the fear that they would take over Britain
they also feared the people’s lives become too dependent on the government
and the government would become too involved and people’s lives