19 - neuroinflammation Flashcards
7 immune privileged sites
eye, brain, pregnant uterus, ovary, testis, adrenal cortex, hair follicles
most common + earliest feature of all neuroinflammatory disorders? effect?
microglia activation: can have neurotoxic or neuroprotective functions
neuron-glial interactions keep microglia in what state? then what changes it?
in a down regulated state. changes in microenvironment = changes in microglia that can be adapative or mal adaptive.
three states of microglia and result?
resting - homeostasis. primed = sickness behaviour. activated = neuronal dysfunction.
two types of microglia
M1 pro inflammatory. M2: anti inflammatory, protective
MS: induced by?
inflammation: immune mediated destruction within CNS
MS: first cause of?
non traumatic disability in young adults of north america + europe
MS: females vs. males
more common in females, 3:1
pathological features in MS
demyelination, decreased axonal density in plaques,
characteristics of NDDs? (4)
affect specific parts/functional systems of NS. begin insidiously, after long period of normal NS function and pursue a gradually progressive curve. minimal increase in proteins in CSF. no change/only volumetric reduction with imaging.
MS vs. normal NDD: imaging?
normally MRI can just see atrophy: but in MS can see changes in white matter, lesions
CSF: MS?
see oligoclonal bands in CSF. normally absent, but in MS will see the bands
genetics and MS risk?
some HLA loci contribution, MZ twins only show 18% recurrence risk
EAE in animals?
inject with myelin basic protein, will induce disease that is mediated by T cells. disease can be transmitted from transfer of T cells from affected individual
NAA ?
MRi spectroscopy: neuronal marker. NAA peak decreased
