19 Middle Mediastinum

Question 1

tamponade

Answer 1

accumulation of fluid in pericardial space

Question 2

oblique sinus

Answer 2

inverted U-shaped sinus dorsal to the left atrium between pulmonary veins and superior vena cava

Question 3

right-sided heart failure/left-sided heart failure

Answer 3

O

Question 4

dextrocardia

Answer 4

heart is on right side

Question 5

interventricular septum supply

Answer 5

mainly supplied by left coronary a.

Question 6

nodal a. supply

Answer 6

right atrium, sinu-atrial node

Question 7

right marginal supply

Answer 7

anterior wall of right ventricle

Question 8

posterior interventricular supply

Answer 8

posterior wall of right ventricle/

posterior part of septum

Question 9

anterior interventricular supply

Answer 9

anterior left ventricle,most of ventricular septum, apex

Question 10

left marginal supply

Answer 10

lateral wall of left ventricle

Question 11

circumflex a supply

Answer 11

posterior wall of left atrium and left ventricle

Question 12

occlusion of coronary veseel

Answer 12

leads to ischemia(inadequate blood supply to an organ) -> chest pain -> cardiac arrest, etc. Caused by arteriosclerosis.

Question 13

thebesian veins

Answer 13

smallest cardiac vein, begins in mycoardium -> empty into atrium or ventricle.

Question 14

crista terminalis

Answer 14

a raised ridge on inner atrial wall demarcates its anterior and posterior segment.

Question 15

sinu-atrial node

Answer 15

where cirsta terminalis meets primeter of SVC orifice

Question 16

infundibulum of right ventricle

Answer 16

is smooth walled (outflow tract)

Question 17

cusps of aortic valve

Answer 17

right/left coronory cusps and non-coronary cus

Question 18

aortic sinus

Answer 18

three small dilations of aortic wall positioned just above the attachment of the cusps. (right/left coronary, non-coronary)

Question 19

aortic bodies

Answer 19

two chemporeceptors that are located at the wall of ascending aorta. Monitor pH and CO2 in blood`

Question 20

lub dub

Answer 20

lub - vibration of blood in ventricle as systole begins and the AV valves closes//
dub - vibration caused by closure of aortic/pulmonary valves at the end of systole.

Question 21

innervation of heart

Answer 21

both sympathetic, parasympathetic (They form cardiac plexus), visceral sensory // sympathetic pregang are in T1-T6. Parasympathetic is via vagus n. // sensory axons in volled in referred chest pain is angina pectoris

Question 22

Cardiac conduction system

Answer 22

SA Node - junction of SVC and crista terminalis in right atrium//
AV node - stimulated by depol from SA node//
atrioventricular bundle of His - exit AV node and travels in interventricular sptum where it divides into right and left branch
// Right branch - enter moderator band and terminate in anterior papillary m. of right ventricle // left branch - terminate in each papillary muscle in left ventricle //

Question 23

anterior cardiac vein

Answer 23

drain upper surface of right ventricle directly into right atrium