19 MAR 2024

Question 1

____________ tumors are derived from the interstitial cells of Cajal

Answer 1

GI stromal (GIST)

Question 2

The three methods that are commonly used for caval anastomosis during orthotopic liver transplantation are:

Answer 2

• Bicaval technique
• Piggyback technique
• Cavocavostomy (side-to-side caval technique)

Question 3

Advantages of the cavocavostomy anastomosis are:

Answer 3

• shorter caval clamping times
• minimal or no changes in the recipient’s hemodynamics (clamp is placed longitudinally)
• lower incidence of caval stenosis
• lower risk of hepatic vein outflow complications (larger anastomosis)

Question 4

To make a tissue diagnosis for GI-based non-Hodgkin lymphoma, biopsies must be obtained from the ________________

Answer 4

submucosa

Question 5

primary prevention decreases _________ (incidence / prevalence / both), while interventions such as vaccination will decrease ____________ (incidence / prevalence / both)

Answer 5

• incidence
• both

Question 6

type ___ RTA responds to bicarb

Answer 6

type I (classic distal)

Question 7

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 7

• overriding aorta
• ventricular septal defect
• right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
• right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 8

MOA of flagyl

Answer 8

produces free radicals that break up DNA helical structure

Question 9

MOAs of silver alginate

Answer 9

• ribosomal toxicity
• intercalates into DNA
• denaturation of proteins
• disruption of cell membrane

Question 10

According to guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians, patients being considered for pneumonectomy require a forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) that is > ___% predicted, or > ___ L without evidence of dyspnea or other lung diseases

Answer 10

• > 80%
• > 2 L

Question 11

First line abx forEnterococcus faecalis(with or without vancomycin resistance) is:

Answer 11

ampicillin-sulbactam

Question 12

Confirmation of follicular neoplasm on thyroid lobectomy requires:

Answer 12

completion thyroidectomy

Question 13

why is calcium chloride preferred for hyperkalemia with concomitant circulatory or cardiac arrest?

Answer 13

promotes cardiac output and preserves vascular tone

Question 14

cut off volume / 24h for chylothorax to differentiate conservative management vs surgical management

Answer 14

1 L output per day

Question 15

obligate glucose using tissues

Answer 15

• red blood cells
• neutrophils
• peripheral neurons
  -adrenal medulla

Question 16

respiratory quotient equation

Answer 16

CO2 produced / O2 consumed

Question 17

several years following a sigmoidectomy, recurrence most commonly occurs in the:

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

medial extent of an ALND

Answer 18

serratus muscle

Question 19

anatomical boundaries of the axilla

Answer 19

• apex: clavicle
• anterior: pec maj and minor
• posterior: sbuscapularis
• medial: serratus anterior overlying ribs 1-4
• lateral: anterior border of lat dorsi