19 Development Of Anti-Semitic Policies, 1938-40 Flashcards
Impact of Anschluss with Austria 1938 on Germany
- Led to increasing more radical foreign policy and racial policy
- Influx of Jews and ‘lost Germans’
Hitler’s key aim to his foreign policy
- End TOV restriction army and territory
- Greater Germany, unifying Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia
Impact of Schacht and Goering for dev of anti-Semitic policies
- Schacht argued against due to economic reasons, but swept aside
- Goering, in charge of 4 Year Plan, radical + did not care about foreign opinion
Economic impact of anti-semitism on Jewish population
- 1938, Decree for registration of Jewish property
- 8k out of 30k shops shut down
- 30k travelling salesmen lost their job
Impact of Anschluss on Jewish population
- Lost property rights overnight
- 500 committed suicide in 1 month
Aryanisation: key term
- Policy for complete expulsion of non Aryan life, economically, culturally ext
Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (events)
- Jewish homes, businesses vandalised
- Synagogues burnt
- By SA and SS members who were not uniformed
Pogrom: Key term
- organised massacre of an ethnic group
Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (concern)
- Hitler said to Goering to relax situation as he was concerned about the extensive use of violence
Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (cause)
- murder of Ernest Vom Rath who was German official in France
- killed by a young Polish Jew who was angry of treatment to father
Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (role of Goebbels)
- organised violence
- 15th anniversary of Munich Putsch, wanted to make it a special event
Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (outcome)
- 91 Jews died
- 20 to 30k in preventative detention
Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (reaction)
- Leipzig, American consul said people were horrified
- Hamburg, crowds chanting “Schlimm, Schlimm” (it’s terrible)
- Berlin, British official said people disapproved
Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (Polices as a result of it)
- Decree for restoration of street scene, making Jews pay
- Decree to exclude Jews from all parts of economic life
Reasons for Emigration
- Hitler spoke about ‘Jew Free’
- as war increased, needed answer for ‘Jewish question’
Stats about voluntary emigration
- 37k left in 1933
- 150k left from 33-38
- after Reichkristallnacht 9k children to Britain
Problems with Voluntary Emigration
- many Jews integrated into society
- many countries could not take influx eg. Palestine had cap on number due to Britain
- contradicting policies from Nazis, emigration but seized welfare
Controlled emigration
- Heydrich set up central office for Jewish emigration
- seized property to fund poorer Jewish emigration
Impact of war with Poland
- National emergency which increased dictatorial powers
- propaganda to extent hate
- new territories
- war for Germanisation and ‘Jew free’
General government: key term
- Areas not in Reich controlled by Gov Hans Frank which became a “dumping ground” for Jews
How many Jews came under Nazi control after Poland invasion
- 3.1 mil Jews, 1.9 in direct Nazi control
Number of Peopled attempted to deported eastwards (from west Poland) from Nov-Feb 1940
- 1 mil people
- 550k Jews
Madagascar Plan
- After French invasion, idea presented with Vichy France (allies with Nazis in South) controlling resettlement
- 4 mil Jews
- harsh conditions so they could ‘naturally die’
Outcome of Madagascar Plan
- Pushed aside due to conquest of USSR
- British Naval ships would be able to disrupt transport