19. Concrete Flashcards
What two things were necessary to be developed in the late 18th/early 19th centuries to enable the evolution of modern concrete structures?
- Hydraulic cement
- Reinforcing
List three reasons why Larson considers reinforced concrete, and not iron, to have been the material more responsible for the development of modern architecture:
- No precedent, new concept
- Plastic, could take almost any shape
- Could cantilever, columns no longer needed
Ernest Ransome’s concrete framed factories bore a stunning resemblance to those designed at the same time by what French pioneer in concrete?
Coignet
The first important French contractor of reinforced concrete prior to the Franco-Prussian War was:
Coignet
The architect chosen by Henry Ford to design his factories in Detroit was _________________.
Kahn
What economic advantage did the Hennebique system enjoy in Paris?
Thinner floors allowed extra floor to be added
What was the secret of Roman cement that was rediscovered in the 19th Century?
Hydraulic properties of Pouzzoli cement, chemical composition that allowed it to internally harden without being exposed to atmosphere
The French rationalist tradition, started by Soufflot, and best represented by the work of Perret, was a quest to synthesize the ideas of what two historic styles?
- Greek
- Gothic
What other theoretician, besides Viollet-le-Duc, influenced the work of Perret?
Choisy
What two theoreticians influenced the work of Perret?
- Viollet-le-Duc
- Choisy
The architect responsible for the early use of reinforced concrete structures in the design of the first automobile factories in Detroit was _______________.
Kahn
The first skyscraper constructed with a reinforced concrete frame was the ______________.
Ingalls building
The Swiss engineer famous for his graceful, shallow arched, three-hinged concrete bridges was _____________.
Maillart
Portland Cement was first invented in which country?
England
The demise of terra-cotta fireproofing that led to the universal acceptance of reinforced concrete was a result of _______________.
San Francisco Earthquake of 1906
In which country was the principle of reinforcing concrete first developed?
France
What advantage did reinforced concrete enjoy over iron from the viewpoint of structural rationalists?
No fireproofing meant exposed tructure, iron had to be covered and fireproofed
Which French engineer built an international concrete company after the Franco-Prussian War?
Hennebique
What was the name of Tony Garnier’s socialist utopian city which employed concrete housing and solar power?
Cité Industrielle
What is generally regarded as the first American reinforced concrete building?
William Ward’s Concrete Castle
