1.9 Chemical Analysis Flashcards
Difference in temps for pure substances and mixtures
Pure substances have specific temperatures for melting and boiling
Mixtures have a range of values
What is a formulation
A mixture that has been designed as a useful product and is formed by mixing together several different substances ensuring the product has the required properties
What is a mixture
Two or more substances mixed together which are usually easy to seperate
Mixtures, Dissolving, Filtrating, Crystilisation
Dissolving - The soluble salt dissolves in water
Filtration - The solution which passes through the filter paper
Crystilisation - The process of forming crystals from a solution
Soluble meaning
Substance dissolves in water
Insoluble meaning
A substance does not dissolve in water
Solute meaning
A soluble substance which dissolves
A solvent meaning
The liquid in which the solute dissolves
Solution meaning
The mixture of the solute dissolved in solvent
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Residue
The insoluble solid which remains on the filter paper
What is filtrate
The solution which passes through the filter paper
What is Miscible
LIquids mix, dissolving into one another
What is immiscible
Liquids do not mix
What is simple distillation
Seperating a solvent from solution
What is Evaporation
The change of state from a liquid to a gas below the boiling point
Condensation meaning
The change of state from gas to a liquid
Distillate meaning
The liquid has been condensed from vapour during distillation
How can miscible liquids be mixed if they have different boiling points
Fractional Distillation
What is Paper chromatography
Seperation of mixtures of soluble substances by running a solvent through the mixture on the paper
How do you know a dye is soluble during chromatography
The more soluble the dye is in the mobile phase the further up the paper it travels
Separation techniques for
Insoluble solid and liquid
Soluble solid and the liquid in which it is dissolved
Miscible liquids
Immiscible liquids
Soluble Substances
Insoluble solid and liquid - Filtration
Soluble solid and the liquid in which it is dissolved - Crystallisation
Miscible liquids - Fractional distillation
Immiscible liquids - Separating funnel
Soluble Substances - Chromatography
Test for water
Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate (CuS0₄) is a white powder. Whenever water is added it turns blue
Colour of flame
Sodium ion
Potassium ion
Calcium ion
Lithium ion
Copper ion
Sodium ion - orange or yellow
Potassium ion - lilac
Calcium ion - brick red
Lithium ion - crimson
Copper ion - green - blue
