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Y11 Chemistry > 1.8 Acids Bases & Salts > Flashcards

1.8 Acids Bases & Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

The pH of Acids, Neutral & Alkalis

A

Acids have a pH of less than 7
Neutral solutions have a pH = 7
Alkalis have a pH greater than 7

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2
Q

To find the pH of a solution either

A

Use a glass rod to place a drop of the solution on universal indicator paper then compare the observed colour to pH meter

to find it more accurately a pH meter can be used. Gives data to at least one d.p.

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3
Q

Red litmus paper when an alkaline and acid is placed on it

A

Red litmus paper turns blue when an alkaline solution is placed on it.

Blue litmus paper turns red when an acidic solution is placed on it

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4
Q

Colour with universal indicator

A

Red - Strong Acid (e.g. Hydrochloric Acid )

Orange Yellow - Weak Acid (e.g. Ethanoic Acid)

Green - Neutral (e.g. Water)

Green Blue - Weak Alkali (e.g. Ammonia )

Purple - Strong Alkali e.g. (Sodium Hydroxide)

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5
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Universal Indicator Paper

A

Easy to use and cheap

Not accurate

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6
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of pH meter

A

Gives accurate pH value

Expensive / needs calibrated before use

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7
Q

What is the concentration

A

The concentration of a solution is the number of moles of solute dissolved in dm³ of the solution

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8
Q

The units of concentration are

A

mol/dm³ (1dm³ = 1L)

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9
Q

What is an Acid

A

A substance that dissolves in water to produce hydrogen ions H⁺

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10
Q

A strong acid in water
A weak acid in water

A

A strong acid is completely ionised in water
A weak acid is partially ionised in water

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11
Q

The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions in an alkaline solution

A

The higher the pH

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12
Q

Alkalis dissolve in water to produce

A

Hydroxide Ions, OH⁻

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13
Q

A strong alkali in water
A weak alkali in water

A

A strong alkali is completely ionised in water
A weak alkali is only partially ionised in water

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14
Q

What is neutralisation

A

The reaction between an acid and an alkali to form a salt and water

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15
Q

Ionic equation for neutralisation

A

H⁺ + OH⁻ = H₂O

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16
Q

What is a base

A

A metal oxide or hydroxide that neutralises an acid to produce salt and water

17
Q

What is an Alkali

A

A soluble base

18
Q

If a base does dissolves in water we call it

A

An Alkali

19
Q

Difference in Concentrated and Dilute solution

A

A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute per dm³ of solution

A dilute solution contains a small amount of solute per dm³ of a solution

20
Q

Risk assessment for the symbols

Corrosive
Toxic
Flammable
Caution

A

Corrosive - Safety glasses gloves and lab coat should be worn
Toxic - Contact should be minimised by using safety glasses
Flammable - No naked flames in laboratory
Caution - Care should be taken in handling to avoid spills

21
Q

How to test for hydrogen

A

Apply a lighted Splint and a popping sound results

H₂ + O₂ —> 2H₂ + O₂ —> 2H₂0

22
Q

How to test for Carbon Dioxide

A

Bubble gas through limewater. If the gas is CO₂ the limewater will change from colourless to milky.

23
Q

What is a salt

A

A compound formed when some or all the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions

24
Q

Name of Salt produced

Hydrochloric Acid HCl-
Sulfuric Acid - H₂S04 -
Nitric Acid HN0₃-

A

Hydrochloric Acid HCl- Chloride
Sulfuric Acid - H₂S04 - Sulfate
Nitric Acid HN0₃- Nitrate

25
Q

Reactions of Acids with Metals

And observations

A

Acids + Metal –> Salt + Hydrogen

Bubbles of Gas
Grey solid dissapears and solution remains colourless
Heat released

26
Q

Reactions of Acids with Metal Hydroxides

Equation

A

Acid + Metal Oxide –> Salt + Water

27
Q

Reactions of Acids with Metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates

Equation And observations

A

ACID + METAL CARBONATE –> SALT + WATER + HYDROGEN CARBONATE

Bubbles of Gas
Heat released

28
Q
A

Y11 Chemistry (8 decks)

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