生理19 Flashcards

1
Q

腎髓質約有幾個腎錐體所組成

A

8-18個腎錐體所組成

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2
Q

鮑氏囊的臟層由哪種上皮細胞組成?

A

足細胞

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3
Q

排尿過程經過哪些構造

六個

A

腎元 集尿管 腎盂 輸尿管 膀胱 尿道

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4
Q

腎元是由哪兩個構造組成

A

腎小體

腎小管

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5
Q

腎小管分成哪三段

A

近曲小管
亨氏環
遠曲小管

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6
Q

亨氏環的上升支與下降支分別對什麼可以通透

A

亨氏環下降支對水可通透
亨氏環上升支對NaCl可通透
下水上鈉

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7
Q

人體核酸的最終代謝產物是?

A

尿酸

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8
Q

再吸收作用主要作用在哪

A

近曲小管

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9
Q

再吸收作用中利用主動運輸通過的物質有哪些

A
glucose
氨基酸
Na+
Cl-
HCO3-(遠曲小管)
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10
Q

再吸收作用中利用被動運輸所通過的物質有哪些

A


尿素
K+
HCO3-(近曲小管)

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11
Q

分泌作用主要作用在哪

A

遠曲小管

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12
Q

分泌作用透過主動運輸所通過的物質有哪些

A

H+ 和K+

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13
Q

分泌作用中利用被動運輸所通過的物質有哪些

A

NH3

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14
Q

ADH主要作用在哪 增加水的再吸收

A

集尿管(主要)

遠曲小管

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15
Q

腎小管的分泌作用主要功能有哪兩個

A

排除體內某些物質

調節血液的pH值(因為有H+)

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16
Q

血液流經腎臟再流回心臟會經過幾組微血管網?

A

兩組
絲球體
腎小管周圍微血管網

17
Q

人體腎臟的腎元哪個結構滲透壓維持在300

A

近曲小管

18
Q

遠曲小管的滲透壓維持在多少

A

100

因為NaCl大量移除

19
Q

K+的再吸收作用發生在?

A

近曲小管

20
Q

K+的分泌作用發生在?

A

遠曲小管

21
Q

血管收縮素1如何變成血管收縮素2?

A

經肺臟轉化酶(ACE)的作用

22
Q

血管收縮素2作用在哪會增加Na+和水的再吸收

A

近曲小管

23
Q

血管收縮素2作用在近曲小管會怎麼樣

A

增加Na+和水的再吸收

24
Q

血管收縮素2會使小動脈怎樣

A

收縮

25
Q

血管收縮素2作用在腎上腺會產生什麼

A

醛固酮

26
Q

血管收縮素2作用在哪會產生醛固酮

A

腎上腺

27
Q

醛固酮作用在哪會增加Na+、水、K+的再吸收

A

遠曲小管

28
Q

醛固酮作用在遠曲小管會怎麼樣

A

增加Na+、水、K+的再吸收

29
Q

陸生動物用什麼方式釋放多餘的熱量

A

蒸發

30
Q

Brown fat細胞含有什麼可調節體溫

A

thermogenin

31
Q

Brown fat

A

富含mt和thermogenin 能快速分解釋放能量維持體溫

32
Q

uncoupler分人工和天然

分別是?

A

人工uncoupler:DNP

天然uncoupler:thermogenin

33
Q

人類體溫調節中樞在?

A

下視丘