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Genitourinary Male > 19-2 > Flashcards

19-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Testes is a system of ducts which include:

A
  1. epididymis
  2. ductus deferens
  3. ejaculatory ducts
  4. urethra
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2
Q

Accessory sex glands include:

A
  1. seminal vesicles
  2. prostate
  3. bulbourethral glands
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3
Q

several supporting structures include:

A
  1. scrotum
  2. penis
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4
Q

what are paired oval glands that develop and produce sperm and secrete hormones.

A

Testes

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5
Q

Dense white fibrous capsule that extends inward and divides each testis into internal compartments.

A

Lobules

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6
Q

Sperm are transported and stored, helped to mature, and conveyed to the exterior by…

A

a system of ducts

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7
Q

Semen contains:

A
  • sperm
  • secretions from accessory sex glands
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8
Q

what is lined with spermatogenic cells, and produces sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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9
Q
  • Located between the developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules
  • Support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells
  • phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells
  • Secrete fluid for sperm transport
  • release of the hormone inhibin, which regulate sperm production
A

Sertoli Cells

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10
Q

Located between the seminiferous tubules are clusters of Leydig cells. These cells secrete the hormone testosterone.

A

Leydig cells

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11
Q

Hormone that promotes the development of masculine characteristics.

A

Androgen

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12
Q

Promotes a man’s libido (sex drive).

A

Testosterone

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13
Q

what is a pouch that supports the testes; it consists of loose skin, superficial fascia, and smooth muscle.

A

Scrotum

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14
Q

what divides the scrotum into two sacs, each containing a single testis?

A

Septum

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15
Q

The production and survival of sperm is optimal at what temperature below normal body temperature?

A

2-3° C

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16
Q

process by which the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm

A

Spermatogenesis

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17
Q

3 stages of Spermatogenesis

A
  1. meiosis I
  2. meiosis II
  3. spermiogenesis
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18
Q

In sexual reproduction, an organism results from the fusion of

A

2 different gametes, one from each parent

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19
Q

Spermatogenesis begins during…

A

puberty

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20
Q

The time from cell division in a spermatogonium until sperm are re-leased into the lumen is…

A

65 - 75 days

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21
Q

During which stage do chromosomes replicate?

A

Meiosis I

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22
Q

During what stage is no further replication of DNA?

A

Meiosis II

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23
Q

How many sperm are produced per day?

A

300 million per day

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24
Q

Once ejaculated, most sperm do not survive more than…

A

48 hours

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25
Q

major parts of a sperm cell are…

A

head and the tail

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26
Q

The sperm head contains:

A
  • nuclear material (DNA)
  • acrosome
  • vesicle containing enzymes
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27
Q

The tail of a sperm cell includes 4 parts:

A
  1. neck
  2. middle piece
  3. principal piece
  4. end piece
28
Q

what piece of the tail contains mitochondria that provide ATP for locomotion?

A

middle piece

29
Q

which piece is the longest portion of the tail?

A

principal piece

30
Q

is a comma-shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of the testis

A

epididymis

31
Q

where is the site of sperm maturation?

A

ductus epididymis

32
Q

stores sperm and helps propel them during sexual arousal by peristaltic contraction of its smooth muscle into the ductus vas deferens.

A

ductus epididymis

33
Q

Sperm may remain in storage in the ductus epididymis for…

A

several months

34
Q

what ascends along the posterior border of the epididymis and penetrates the inguinal canal, a passageway in the front abdominal wall.

A

ductus deferens

35
Q

The ductus deferens has how many layers of muscle?

A

3

36
Q

The ductus deferens stores sperm, which can remain viable for up to how long?

A

several months

37
Q

what conveys sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra during sexual arousal by peristaltic contractions of the muscular coat?

A

ductus deferens

38
Q

what is formed by the union of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicles?

A
39
Q

In the male, the urethra passes through the…

A

prostate, deep perineal muscles and penis

40
Q

what secretes most of the liquid portion of semen?

A

Accessory sex glands

41
Q

what are pouch-like structures, lying posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum?

A

Seminal vesicles

42
Q

Seminal vesicles secrete what fluid?

Which contains what?

A
  • an alkaline, viscous fluid
  • fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins
43
Q

fructose is used for what by sperm?

A

ATP production

44
Q

Prostaglandins help sperm with what?

A

motility and viability

45
Q

Clotting proteins help semen _______ after ejaculation

A

coagulate

46
Q

Fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles normally constitutes about what % of the volume of semen?

A

60%

47
Q

The prostate secretes what type of fluid?

A

milky, slightly acidic fluid

48
Q

Prostatic secretions make up what % of the volume of semen?

A

25%

49
Q

During sexual arousal what secretes an alkaline substance into the urethra that protects the passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra?

A

bulbourethral glands

50
Q

what secretes mucus that lubricates the end of the penis and the lining of the urethra, thereby decreasing the number of sperm damaged during ejaculation?

A

Bulbourethral glands

51
Q

semen has a slightly alkaline pH of

A

7.2 to 7.7

52
Q

What gives semen its milky white color?

A

prostatic secretions

53
Q

What makes semen sticky?

A

fluids from the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands

54
Q

Penis consists of 3 parts

A
  1. root
  2. body
  3. glans penis
55
Q

The 2 dorsolateral masses of tissue in the penis are called?

A

corpora cavernosa penis

56
Q

The smaller midventral mass of tissue in the penis, that contains the urethra…

A

corpus spongiosum

57
Q

foreskin is also called

A

prepuce

58
Q

Erection is parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

59
Q

Ejaculation is parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

sympathetic

60
Q

At the onset of puberty, neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus increase their secretion of what hormone?

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

61
Q

GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its secretion of what 2 hormones?

A
  1. luteinizing hormone (LH)
  2. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
62
Q

LH stimulates what cells?

To secrete what hormone?

A
  • Leydig cells
  • Testosterone
63
Q

FSH and testosterone act together to stimulate…?

A

spermatogenesis

64
Q

Sertoli cells release what hormone?

A

Inhibin

65
Q

what hormone stimulates the development of reproductive system ducts and descent of testes?

A

Testosterone

66
Q

what hormone stimulates the development of external genitals?

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Genitourinary Male (4 decks)

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