18th and 19th Century

Question 1

What was The Enlightenment?

Answer 1

An 18th century movement focused on rejecting traditional methods and encouraging people to think for themselves.

Question 2

Which scientist first developed the Germ Theory?

Answer 2

Louis Pasteur

Question 3

What is the term to describe a living organism too small to be seen without a microscope?

Answer 3

Microbe

Question 4

Which theory centered on the belief that bad air spread disease, was declining in popularity by the 1700s?

Answer 4

Miasma

Question 5

What was the term for the theory that decaying matter was the cause of microbes rather than the product of it?

Answer 5

Spontaneous Generation

Question 6

What technology was crucial in supporting the development of the Germ Theory?

Answer 6

Microscope

Question 7

Which English doctor still argued the case for Spontaneous Generation into the later 19th century?

Answer 7

Bastion

Question 8

Where was Robert Koch from?

Answer 8

Germany

Question 9

Which scientist discovered that microbes caused decay?

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur

Question 10

What did Koch discover?

Answer 10

The role that different Germs played in disease

Question 11

What did Edward Jenner first develop?

Answer 11

Vaccination

Question 12

Which disease did Jenner first develop a vaccine for?

Answer 12

Smallpox

Question 13

Which group supported vaccination because it was a safer and more reliable alternative to innoculation?

Answer 13

British government/Parliament

Question 14

Which is the correct definition of Aseptic surgery?

Answer 14

Surgery where microbes are prevented from getting into the wound in the first place, as opposed to being killed off with an antiseptic.

Question 15

Which English surgeon discovered antiseptics?

Answer 15

Joseph Lister

Question 16

What chemical was first used as an antiseptic in 1865?

Answer 16

Carbolic Acid

Question 17

What were the three problems with surgery in the early 1800s?

Answer 17

Pain, Infection, bleeding

Question 18

Which was a disadvantage of the use of chloroform as an anaesthetic?

Answer 18

It allowed for deeper surgeries to be attempted which increased the risk of bleeding and infection.

Question 19

Which war did Florence Nightingale go to in order to help soldiers in 1854?

Answer 19

The Crimean War

Question 20

Which changes did Florence Nightingale make to the care of wounded soldiers?

Answer 20

Clean bedding, good meals, cleaning of surrounding areas in wards to remove dirt

Question 21

What happened to the mortality rate of wounded soldiers as a result of Florence Nightingale’s changes?

Answer 21

It decreased from 40% to 2%

Question 22

What was the name of Florence Nightingale’s book on the training of nurses published in 1859?

Answer 22

Notes on Nursing

Question 23

What were the key features of the Pavilion Plan for hospitals supported by Florence Nightingale?

Answer 23

Ventilation, isolation wards, larger rooms

Question 24

What institution did Florence establish in 1860?

Answer 24

Nightingale School for Nurses

Question 25

What groups of women began to enter the nursing profession as a result of Florence Nightingale’s changes?

Answer 25

Middle- class women

Question 26

What does the term ‘Laissez Faire’ mean?

Answer 26

Non-intervention by governments in the day-to-day lives of their population

Question 27

Which disease is a water-borne disease which spread rapidly in Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 27

Cholera

Question 28

Who published their report called the ‘Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Classes’ in 1842 and made recommendations for cities to set up boards of health?

Answer 28

Edwin Chadwick

Question 29

What is the most accurate definition of a Public Health Act?

Answer 29

A law passed by the government with the aim to improve the health of the nation.

Question 30

What was a limitation of the first Public Health Act passed in 1848?

Answer 30

It was not made compulsory

Question 31

When did the first Cholera epidemic arrive in Britain?

Answer 31

1831

Question 32

What did John Snow discover?

Answer 32

That cholera was transmitted by dirty drinking water.

Question 33

What method did Snow use to investigate the 93 deaths in his local area of Soho in 1854.

Answer 33

He created a spot map.

Question 34

What is a cesspit?

Answer 34

A pit for storing sewage or waste

Question 35

What event in 1858 finally prompted the British Government to take action to tackle cholera?

Answer 35

The ‘Great Stink’

Question 36

Which engineer did the British Government to plan a new sewer system which was completed in 1875?

Answer 36

Joseph Bazalgette

Question 37

When was the second Public Health Act passed?

Answer 37

1875

Question 38

Which of the following was published after John Snow identified the link between Cholera and dirty water?

Answer 38

Pasteur’s Germ Theory

Question 39

Which scientist developed methods to allow bacteria to be grown and observed more easily?

Answer 39

Robert Koch

Question 40

Which individual had become London’s leading anaesthetist and gave Queen Victoria chloroform during the birth of Prince Leopold in 1851?

Answer 40

John Snow