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AS American History > 1890-c1920 > Flashcards

1890-c1920 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the U.S. formed?

A

4th July 1776

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2
Q

What are the two features of the Constitution?

A

The Bill of Rights and a set of rules

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3
Q

Name the three parts of the US political system

A

Legislative
Judiciary
Executive

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4
Q

Percentage of control each part of US political system has?

A

33%

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5
Q

What is the legislative body is called?

A

Congress

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6
Q

What are the two parts of the Congress?

A

Senate

House of Representatives

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7
Q

How long is the term of the Senate?

A

6 Years

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8
Q

How long is the term of the House of Representatives?

A

2 Years

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9
Q

How many judges in the Supreme Court?

A

9 Judges

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10
Q

Who appoints the Supreme Court?

A

The President

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11
Q

How long does the president’s term last?

A

4 Years

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12
Q

What are the two main political parties?

A

Republicans

Democrats

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13
Q

Were the Progressives pro or anti Big Business

A

Anti

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14
Q

Who were the Populists?

A

A political party

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15
Q

What type of society was America originally?

A

An Agrarian Society

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16
Q

In the 20th Century, America became increasingly what?

A

Urbanised

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17
Q

Between 1866-1915, how many people moved to America?

A

25 Million

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18
Q

Where did the majority of immigrants come from?

A

Eastern and Southern Europe

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19
Q

What year did immigration peak?

A

1907 (1.3 Million Immigrants)

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20
Q

Name three push factors for immigrants in the early 1900s and why they were push factors

A

Escape persecution e.g Jews from Russia (In 1870 only 80000 Jews in NYC however in 1915, 1.5 million Jews)
Modernisation of farming b/c it destroyed farming communities and increased unemployment
To avoid military service (1900 time of increasing tension, arms race, etc.

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21
Q

Name three pull factors for immigrants in the early 1900s and why they were pull factors

A

Economic opportunities provided by plenty of land and resources
Employment opportunities increasing due to rise of industry
Pre paid passage, many employers paid for skilled workers to travel over

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22
Q

Name 3 postive impacts of immigration

A

Labour pool rises
Consumer market rises
Fuel economic growth

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23
Q

Name 3 negative impacts of immigration

A

Increased tension in the labour force
Exploration of immigrants
Immigrants used as scapegoats

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24
Q

When did the first trans-continental railway open?

A

1869

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25
Q

What did the first trans-continental railway allow and what did it fuel?

A

Access for goods movement, fuelling big business

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26
Q

Did the agrarian economy stay in the south?

A

Yes because of culture and topography

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27
Q

Explain why there was mass immigration to the USA in the years 1890 to 1914

A

Escape persecution e.g Jews from Russia (In 1870 only 80000 Jews in NYC however in 1915, 1.5 million Jews)
Modernisation of farming b/c it destroyed farming communities and increased unemployment
Pre paid passage, many employers paid for skilled workers to travel over

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28
Q

Why was there economic growth in the years 1890-1919?

A
  • Rapid Industrialisation especially in the north led to three causes of growth: a) industry led to profits b) employment rose, creating incomes c) incomes and industry bolstered consumer market
  • Space and raw materials were plentiful in America enabling rapid industrialisation to take place
  • Republicans had laissez faire approach to economy which meant trusts grew and therefore so did the economy
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29
Q

Why did America not ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • Because Wilson did not take any Republicans to the Paris Peace Conference in December 1919 which made him unpopular in a republican dominated congress, which needed to ratify the treaty
  • Wilson was made unpopular because of demobilization which caused various problems
  • Wilson was stubborn and so had to go on a tour
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30
Q

Why did America not enter the war in 1914?

A
  • America resulted in having a boosted economy due to double trading if entered war would lose this
  • Wilson was an idealist and wanted peace and co-operation among countries
  • America wanted to be seen as better than the European countries and they didn’t wanted to be dogged into a European conflict
31
Q

Why did American have a boosted economy by double trading in 1914?

A

Because it meant America had two sources of income, who both owned America loans which would carry interest.

32
Q

What political ideology did Wilson have?

A

He was an Idealist

33
Q

When was the Paris Peace Conference?

A

December 1919

34
Q

Which party dominated congress in 1919?

A

The Republicans

35
Q

What problems did Demobilisation cause?

A

Inter-racial violence
Inflation
Spanish Flu epidemic

36
Q

How could Wilson have passed the Treaty of Versailles through congress?

A

By compromising

37
Q

Which senator did Wilson anger the most for leaving the Republicans out of the Peace Conference?

A

Henry Cabot-Lodge (R-Mass)

38
Q

What did do Wilson do after the Treaty was rejected?

A

He went on a three week tour

39
Q

What signalled the end of the Treaty?

A

Wilson collapsing on Sep 25 and then Oct 2 meaning no one could lobby for the treaty and it was rejected in November and March

40
Q

Explain why the Republicans won all elections, 1896-1908

A

Success of SPAM
Backing of BB
Mark Hanna, political strategist who targeted BB and ethnic vote

41
Q

Why did the USA declare war on Spain in 1898?

A

Sinking of USS Maine
Yellow Press
De Lôme Letter

42
Q

Explain why America got involved in Mexico, 1913

A

Woodrow Wilson and his morals
Business interests
To show WW had moved from Dollar Diplomacy

43
Q

Explain why the USA became increasingly isolationist in the years 1918 to 1921

A

Domestic Issues, such as, Demobilisation were seen as more important
Committed isolationists formed in Congress and rejected TofV, ect.
Main advocate of intervention, WW, hit by stroke

44
Q

Who was the US president in 1892-1896?

A

Grover Cleveland

45
Q

Who was the US president in 1896-1901?

A

William McKinley

46
Q

Who was the US president in 1901-1908?

A

Theodore Roosevelt

47
Q

Who was the US president in 1908-1912?

A

William Howard Taft

48
Q

Who was the US president in 1912-1920?

A

Woodrow Wilson

49
Q

Who was the US president in 1920-1924

A

Warren G. Harding

50
Q

What political party was Cleveland?

A

Democrat

51
Q

What political party was McKinley?

A

Republican

52
Q

What political party was Roosevelt?

A

Republican then “Bull Moose”

53
Q

What political party was Taft?

A

Republican

54
Q

What political party was Wilson?

A

Democrat

55
Q

What political party was Harding?

A

Republican

56
Q

Who are the progressive presidents?

A

Roosevelt
Taft
Wilson

57
Q

What was Roosevelt’s foreign policy called?

A

Big Stick Diplomacy

58
Q

What was Big Stick Diplomacy?

A

It was Wilson’s policy of intervening in countries often using the American military

59
Q

What was Taft’s foreign policy called?

A

Dollar Diplomacy

60
Q

What was Dollar Diplomacy?

A

It was Taft’s policy of investing rather than intervening in countries

61
Q

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A

A policy created in 1823 which said the Americas are no longer “open” to European colonisation due to it coming under America’s sphere of influence

62
Q

When was the Monroe Doctrine created?

A

1823

63
Q

What was the Pacific Policy?

A

A policy created in the 19th Century saying America should dominate trade in the Pacific

64
Q

What did A.T. Mahan say?

A

That for America to survive it must look outward

65
Q

What is Progressivism?

A

U.S. Movement to expand the role of government in dealing with social and media company of problems and tackle corruption and abuses

66
Q

What was muckracking journalism?

A

Where journalists began to expose scandals and corruption in America

67
Q

Name one example of a muckraking journalist

A

Lincoln Steffens

68
Q

How popular was muckraking journalism?

A

Collier’s achieved a million sales per copy in 1912

69
Q

How did muckraking link to progressivism?

A

Concern about muckraking scandals led to development of progressivism

70
Q

What had Theodore Roosevelt done during SpAM?

A

He had led the “rough riders”

71
Q

Why did Theodore Roosevelt become president?

A

Because McKinley was assassinated in 1901

72
Q

What was Theodore Roosevelt’s program of reform called?

A

The square deal

73
Q

What was Theodore Roosevelt’s opinion on trusts?

A

He was opposed to them

74
Q

How did Theodore Roosevelt oppose trusts?

A

Used acts like the Sherman Act 1890 to control trusts.

AS American History (4 decks)

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