1890-1933 part 2 Flashcards
Who was Friedrich Ebert?
The first President of new German and took over temporarily after the Kaiser abdicated
When did the Kaiser abdicate?
1918
What party did Ebert lead?
The SPD
Who was Eberts Chancellor?
Phillip Scheidemann
When did Ebert die?
Feb 1925
When was the Spartacist uprising?
Jan 1919
What was the Spartacist uprising?
A group of communists tried to take over Berlin and turn the country communist
What did the Spartacist uprising entail?
-3days of street fighting
-Ebert forced to use 2,000 Freikorps-right wing veterans
When was the Bavarian revolution?
Nov 1918-May 1919
What was the Bavarian revolution?
Groups of communists in the province of Bavaria trying to break away from the rest of Germany
How was control restored in the Bavarian revolution?
The Freikorps were used
When was the Kapp Putsch?
March 1920
What was the Kapp Putsch?
5000 members of Freikorps and right-wing into Berlin in rebellion
Who supported the Kapp Putsch?
Most of the army
Who led the Kapp Putsch?
Dr. Wolfgang kapp
Who led the Spartacist Rebellion?
Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg
When was the Red rising?
-March/April 1920
What was the governments response to Kapp Putsch?
Killed 1000 workers
When were the political assassinations ?
1919-1922
How many political murders?
350+ murders mostly by right-wing
Why did Germans call the TOV a Diktat?
-No German representatives were allowed to attend the peace conference
-Germany forced to sign the TOV
What was the L in LAMB?
L-Land , Germany split in two by ‘Polish corridor’, their empire was taken, Alsace Lorraine given to France
What was the A in LAMB?
A-Army, Germany was limited to an army of 100,000, 6 battleships, no submarines, no tanks, no aircraft, demilitarized Rhineland
What was the M in LAMB?
M-Money,$6.6bn in reparations to Belgium, France and Britain
What was the B in LAMB?
B-Blame, the war guilt clause stated that Germany was fully to blame for the war- Germans were very unhappy with this outcome
When was the armistice signed by the “November criminals”?
11 November 1918
What year did Germany miss the reparation payments?
1922
When did the French and Belgian troops invade the Ruhr ?
1923
What did the Government say and do for the work in the Ruhr when invaded?
-Ordered them to go on strike
-Printed money to pay the French and Belgian troops, as well as the workers on strike
What happened to the German Mark currency after the government printed more money?
The mark lost value
How did the decrease in value of the mark impact Germany?
-Shopkeepers had to raise prices
-Resulted in hyperinflation
-Many people couldn’t afford basic necessities
Compare the cost of bread in 1918, sept 1923, and Nov 1923.
1918- 0.6 Marks
Sept 1923- 1.5 Billion Marks
Nov 1923 201 Billion Marks
Who were “Losers” in the hyperinflation crisis?
-Savers, all wiped out
-The elderly, on fixed income pensions
-Small businesses, Trade became impossible
Who were the “Winners” in hyperinflation?
-People with debts
-Big businesses
What was Hitler’s position in WWI?
Fought as a corporal
What award did Hitler win for bravery?
Iron cross
What Rebellion did he lead?
Munich/Beerhall Putsch
By what month and year was Hitler leading the Nazis?
November 1923
What was his plan at the beginning of his lead of the Nazis?
Nazis planned to seize the local government in Bavaria and then march on Berlin. They planned to overturn Versailles, and destroy Communism
What were the events of the Munich Putsch?
Local government leaders refused to join rebellion and armed police quickly mobilized to put down rebellion of 2,000. 3 police and 16 Nazi’s killed.
What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch? How did Hitler use this to his advantage?
Hitler was sent to Prison- Hitler used his trial speeches to spread his message against Versailles, communist and views?
