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American History > 1890-1920 Foreign Policy > Flashcards

1890-1920 Foreign Policy Flashcards

1
Q

Was America imperial before 1890?

A

far from it

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2
Q

What were the motives behind the shift in policy?

A

rapid growth of the american economy- US needed new over seas markets. end of the frontier- new horizons needed to give scope for american energy

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3
Q

Who influenced the shift in policy?

A

Theodore Roosevelt, naval theorist Alfred Thayer Mahan, Senator Cabot Lodge

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4
Q

What did key imperialists believe in?

A

a forward foreign policy

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5
Q

Who were some key isolationists?

A

William Jennings Bryan, Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Samuel Gompers

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6
Q

who was William Jennings Bryan?

A

a committed pacifist and religious moralist, democratic candidate in 1896, 1900, 1908. Leading voice in the American Anti-Imperialism League, formed 1898.

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7
Q

What happened 1903?

A

Settlement of the Alaska Boundary Dispute in favour of the USA, Start of the Panama Canal Project

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8
Q

what happened in 1895?

A

Revolt in Cuba with unofficial US backing

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9
Q

what happened in 1898?

A

Outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Defeat of Spanish forces in Cuba and the Treaty of Paris, Annexation of Hawaii, Guam, and the Philippines

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10
Q

what happened 1900?

A

USA intervenes in China

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11
Q

what happened in 1905?

A

US mediation in the peach settlement ending the Russian-Japanese War

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12
Q

what happened in 1890?

A

Publication of Mahan’s ‘The Influence of Sea Power upon History’

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13
Q

what happened 1899?

A

Start of Filipino Revolt against American rule

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14
Q

what happened 1901?

A

The Platt amendment

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15
Q

what happened 1904?

A

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine issue

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16
Q

what happens 1908?

A

Taft elected and commits to Dollar Diplomacy

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17
Q

What was the chief cause of the Spanish-American war of 1989?

A

a revolt against Spanish rule by Cuban Nationalists. the rebels received support from american sympathisers, and support grew as the spanish used brutal methods to crush revolts. many americans demanded intervention.

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18
Q

What was a threat to american interests?

A

instability in china, and the startlingly fast modernisation of Japan

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19
Q

what would the war with spain open up for americans?

A

bases in the pacific, in hawaii, and in the philippines

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20
Q

Which event was used to provoke the spanish american war?

A

the explosion of the U.S.S Maine in 1989

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21
Q

Did the yellow press/William Randolph Hurt support the Spanish American war?

A

enthusiastically

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22
Q

in the beginning of the Spanish american war, where did US troops occupy?

A

Cuba

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23
Q

Who did the Spanish American war make a hero out of?

A

Theodore Roosevelt. he resigned from the govt to lead a volunteer force in the Seige of Havana

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24
Q

Where did Spain make peace?

A

the treaty of paris

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25
When did Cuba remain under US military rule till?
1902, then became a protectorate
26
What else did America receive after the Spanish American war?
Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines, Hawaii
27
what was american success founded on?
sea power
28
What happened in the conquest for the Philippines?
Admiral Dewey’s Pacific Squadron sailed into Manila Bay in the Philippines and destroyed the outdated Spanish Fleet. American land forces arrived to establish military control
29
Did the conquest for the philippines cause controversy?
yes. the anti-imperialise league attacked the govt for betraying traditions of the founding fathers and for the violence, paternalism, and racial prejudice that had been shown by americans
30
When did the Filipino revolt break out?
1899
31
When was the Filipino revolt surpressed?
1902
32
What did Congress pass in 1901 and what did it do?
The Platt Amendment- authorised intervention in Cuba. became incorporated in the Cuban-American treaty of 1903
33
When was McKinley assassinated and who became president?
1901, Theodore Roosevelt
34
What was the Panama Canal vital for?
American sea power, overseas trade, and strategic interests
35
How did Roosevelt ensure the creation of the Panama Canal?
He created Panama. When Columbia proved difficult to negotiate with, Roosevelt sponsored Panamanian separatists and forced Columbia to accept independent Panama
36
When was the Panama Canal completed?
1914
37
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
addition to the Monroe Doctrine, stating the US had the right to exercise international power in Latin America
38
What did the Panama canal give the americans?
access to the pacific
39
How did the US demonstrate their naval power?
The voyage of the Great White Fleet 1907-1909
40
Why was the open door policy created?
the decline of imperial rule in China led to instability and foreign interference. in 1900, Boxer rebellion made it seem certain China would be partitioned between European powers. This was a threat to US interests.
41
what was the open door policy?
created by sec. of state John Hay in 1899, and reasserted principles of free trade and keep trade with China Open
42
When was the Russo-Japanese war? How did it end?
1904-05, Roosevelt offered US mediation to end the war, and a peace treaty was signed oct 1905
43
What did the Russo-Japanese war demonstrate?
the efficiency of Japan’s modern navy
44
what was the Alaska Boundary dispute?
a long-standing disagreement between canada and britain about where the southern border of alaska was
45
What policy was Taft famous for?
Dollar Diplomacy
46
Where did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy?
1909- Honduras, Haiti, Nicaragua. 1914- Nicaraguan revolt
47
After Woodrow Wilson’s victory, how did foreign policy change?
emphasised a need for peaceful, ethical approaches
48
Who was Woodrow Wilson’s secretary of state?
William Jennings Bryan
49
Did Wilson’s govt use Dollar Diplomacy or Open Door policy?
ODP
50
Where did Wilson use an interventionist policy?
Mexico 1914
51
Why did Wilson use intervention in Mexico?
The Mexican revolution of 1910-11 led to instability. April 1914, Wilson sent marines to the port of Vera Cruz to restore peace. Intervened again in 1916, sent General John Pershing to pursue Guerilla leader Pancho Villa. not successful.
52
What stance did Wilson initially take on WW1?
neutral
53
What factors pushed the US to side with neutrality in ww1?
disapproval in helping European powers, pacifist beliefs, hostility of recent immigrants against britain, Wilson’s desire to be peacemaker
54
When did William Jenning Bryan resign as sec. of state; and what did it do?
1915, weakened anti-war sentiment
55
Who believed the US should join the war?
Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge
56
how much did US trade with England and France increase between 1914-1916?
400%
57
What event in 1915 created a huge anti-German feeling?
The Sinking of the Lusitania
58
What was the decisive factor for US joining ww1?
The intercepted zimmerman telegraph, sent from Germany, to mexico. it urged Mexico to go to war with the US
59
when did the US declare war on Germany?
April 1917
60
From January 1918 onwards, how many soldiers were arriving to France monthly?
250 000
61
What was the sequence of events for ww1 ending?
a failed German offensive, the ottoman empire collapsed, Austria-Hungary disintegrated, and Bulgaria surrendered. The German Kaiser abdicated.
62
How long did American rule the Filipino people?
1898-1901, using 70 000 soldiers to crush rebellion, and resulting in 20-50 000 Filipino’s killed
63
Who was Alfred Thayer Mahan?
a naval officer. wanted modern sea power, worked closely with Roosevelt, assistant secretary for the navy in the 1890s, argued controlling sea power was vital for economic and military security
64
Who was Senator Henry Cabot Lodge?
strong advocate of imperialism, supported expansion of american territory, prominent republican, opposed treaty of versailles
65
how many US sailors did the explosion of the USS Maine kill?
260
66
what were the consequences of the Spanish-American war?
lost 379 US men fighting, 5000 to disease, got Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines, cuba recognised as independent. Guantanamo bay.
67
Was Theodore Roosevelt’s FP a success?
*lease on panama canal- gave US control of that area *enforced economic imperialism over central and south america- temporary stability *expands monroe doctrine- expels europe from latin America *expands US influence- check power of japan
68
Was Theodore Roosevelt’s FP a failure?
*invites a revolution *only short term stability *creates later conflicts *japanese copied Great White Fleet

American History (8 decks)

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