1865-1890 Political Flashcards
(29 cards)
What did Johnson launch 1865?
Presidential Reconstruction
How did Radical Republicans see Presidential Reconstruction?
too soft on southerners. this resulted in years of chaotic disputes, splitting the Republican party, alienating southerners, and leaving Johnson isolated
What did Johnson prioritise?
reconciliation
How many southerners were pardoned under Presidential Reconstruction?
13 000
What did the pardons mean?
Confederates were back in politics, local and federal. black codes brought in. Several states refused to ratify the Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery (13th)
What four competing political factions did Johnson face?
Democrats, Conservative Republicans, moderate Republicans, Radical republicans
What was Johnson’s first use of the veto?
Freedmen’s Bureau- established to assist freed slaves, vetoed 1866.
What was Johnson’s second veto?
Civil Rights Act 1866 (established anyway through 14th amendment)
What was Johnson’s 3rd veto?
another Freedman’s Bureau act 1866 (overrided)
What were the three reconstruction amendments?
*13th - 1864, emancipation proclamation
*14th - 1868, equal citizenship and voting rights
*15th - 1870, cannot deny votes based on race
What happened in the 1866 midterms?
republicans won 2/3 of the house and gained a stronger hold on the senate. Congressional reconstruction was in full flow.
Congressional Reconstruction - what was the Reconstruction Act 1867?
overrode pres veto to get it through. ten ex-confederate states all abolished and placed under military rule until elected delegates agreed a new state constitution taht ensured voting rights for all AA males. Ratifying the 14th amendment, the state would be accepted back into the Union
Why was the KKK invented?
1866- open defiance to Reconstruction Acts and resentment of Northerners. led to race riots in Memphis, New Orleans, and other Southern Cities
What was radical reconstruction met with?
(under Ulysses Grant) fierce opposition by the south, petered out 1877
What amendment was proposed after Grant was elected?
15th
What did Radical Reconstruction policies rely on?
presence of US army in the south
To deal with opposition, what did Radical Reconstruction pass?
three Enforcement acts 1870-1871 to strengthen provisions of 14 + 15 amendments
What was white terror like in the south?
KKK, White League in Louisiana, Red Shirts in South Carolina and Mississippi. took to lynching. made federal intervention necessary.
when was the later CRA?
1875
What did the democratic party in the south call themselves?
the Redeemers
Louisiana 1868 elections
more than a thousand killed, most freedmen
Colfax Massacre 1873
150 freedmen killed
September 1874
5000 members of the white league carried out a rebellion in New Orleans against Republican Governor. Battle of Liberty Place - 3 days of fighting.
