1890-1914 Flashcards
Motivations for expansion into Africa
Economic
strategic
European rivalry
Racial superiority/exploration
Expansion vs consolidation
Expansion is going into new places and taking control
consolidation is building on existing control
NWFP
created in 1901 to have a buffer zone between Russian occupied Afghanistan and India
1896 Fashoda incident
They meet the French at the Nile but the French back down and leave
shows French weren’t ready for war
Omdurman massacre Sept 1898
Kitchener and his army went to Omdurman an massacred sudanese ansars (police)
27000 casualties
11000 died
1896 Italy defeated in Abyssinia- what excuse did this give Britain?
excuse to go into Sudan as there was a threat of European superiority
britain also went into Abyssinia to “help”. sold it to the public as revenge for Gordon
Peripheral theory
local issues force Britain to intervene (protect stability for profits)
Uganda railway
1896
called the lunatic line because so many died building it
Mombasa to Lake Victoria/Kampala
When did Britain control Nigeria
1890
French agreed to acknowledge British dominance
Took control of RNC and controlled N and S
How and Why did Britain take control of ashantiland
British told the king they have to give control to Britain
they annexed ashantiland and incorporate dit into the Gold Coast
there was gold there
IBEAC
Imperial British East Africa company
set up by Mackinnon
Salisbury (the person)
Made PM in 1895
Determined to uphold Britain’s world position
Declared Sudan as unprofitable-shows it was only strategic and EU rivalry
1896 Kitchener
Appointed commander in chief of Egyptian army
told to take Dongola but he goes to Khartoum and raids it
1897 French expedition up the Nile
Led by Marchland to explore upper Nile
British MPs reaction to Omdurman
Negative
some thought Kitchener shouldn’t be paid for what he did
When was Anglo-Egyptian Sudan established
1899
Establishment of BSAC (who when)
1890-1
Rhodes
establishes a monopoly over diamonds in Kimberley
Rhodes feels threatened and wants to take over transvaal
Why did economic power shift from Cape to Transvaal in 1886
Discovery of Gold- 2/3s of mines put under British control
Jameson Raid
Dec 1895
Rhodes goes into Transvaal
Help from Uitlanders form Rhodesia and Bechuanaland
Intention was to overthrown the Kruger led transvaal government
Jan 1886
British forced to surrender
Rhodes forced to resign
Construction and significance of the Aswan Dam
1902
Sir Willcocks began construction in southern Egypt
Nile dam, largest in the world
Costed 2mil and prevented Nile flooding
Denshawai incident
Dispute in Denshawai, Egypt, 1906
very few casualties but briiths response was brutal
Entente Cordiale
Alliance between br and fr
Recognises Egypt and Sudan in Br sphere of influence in exchange for For French ownership of Morocco
Indian military reform
changed ratio of English to Indian soldiers from 1:8 to 1:2
foreign sec from 1895 to 1902
Lord Salisbury
Which country did the British trade the French in return for French recognition of British control in Nigeria?
Madagascar
Why was Frere removed as Governor of the cape
he provoked a war with the Zulus
British treatment of people in White dominions
treated better because they were white
Br didnt take control of administration
Australia and NZ semi independent dominions in 1901 and 1907
evidence of Canada making Britain wealthier
Canada supplied upwards of 10% of beef and 15% of wheat by 1914
Evidence that trade benefits were exaggerated (USA and IFL)
Imperial federation League to promote closer colonial ties was disbanded
britain wasn’t relying on empire, instead trading with no imperial world like USA
Empire is expanding but trade is static
How much % of trade was from empire
1896
£745 total money from trade
empire made up £183m which is 24.5%
