1865-1890 Political Flashcards
Between what years was the ‘Reconstruction Era’?
1865-1877
When did Congress propose an amendment to abolish slavery?
January 1865
When was the thirteenth amendment ratified?
December 18th 1865
When did the civil war end?
April 9th 1865
When was Lincoln assassinated?
15th April 1865
What party did Lincoln belong to?
Republican
Who succeeded Lincoln as president? (he was Lincoln’s Vice President)
Andrew Johnson
What party did Johnson belong to?
Democrats
What did the Confederate states have to do before they could rejoin the Union?
- Adhere to the 13th Amendment and abolish slavery
- Vow loyalty to the Union
Where were the black codes adopted, and what did they do?
Midwestern states
regulate/inhibit migration of free AAs to the Midwest
what was the first state to institute laws that abolished the full civil rights of AAs?
Mississippi
when was the Freedmans Bureau formed and what did it do?
March 1865
provide relief and assistance (e.g. health, education) to former slaves
what did Johnson veto in March 1866?
the renewal of the powers of the Freedmans Bureau
what was a key problem facing the Federal Gov after the 13th amendment?
state govs still had too much power and introduced black codes etc
what did the 1966 congressional elections see?
radical republicans brought to power- they wanted to punish the south
give 3 things the 1866 civil rights act allowed?
right to make contracts
own/sell property
receive equal treatment by law
what did the 1867 military reconstruction acts do?
divided the south into 5 military districts and enforced the new laws
when was Johnson impeached?
1868
when was the 14th amendment passed and what did it do?
1867
provided citizenship and civil liberties to recently freed slaves
who were carpetbaggers?
those who went from north to south for political/economic interests
Grant won the 1868 election by how many votes?
300k (approx same number of voting blacks)
which party firmly had control of all 3 branches of the federal gov. in 1869?
republicans
when was the 15th amendment passed and what did it do?
prohibited states denying the votes on grounds of race
when was the final civil rights act passed during reconstruction?
1875
who won the 1872 election?
Grant
who were the ‘redeemers’ and what did they do?
democrats who fought to redeem south (conservatives and sothern dems.)
‘took back’ states like Mississippi by taking away voting rights etc (e.g. literacy tests)
give 2 opponents to radical reconstruction?
democratic redeemers
‘white terrorists’ i.e kkk
how many freedmen were killed in the 1873 Colfax Massacre?
150
give 2 examples of Grants scandals?
- 1869 black friday gold scandal
- tweed ring in NYC ($45m looted from state under Grants nose)
who were the candidates in the 1876 disputed election and who won?
Hayes (rep) vs Tilden (dems)
Hayes (8 votes to 7)
what did Hayes offer as the 1877 compromise and what impact did this have on reconstruction?
remove troops from south/only stay 1 term (lane duck)
meant it was essentially over since there was nothing to enforce laws in the south
what were the 2 groups dividing the rep party?
Stalwarts (pro grant) vs halfbreeds (pro Baine)
who won 1880 election but was killed in 1881, and who took over?
James Gerfield (rep) Chester Arthur (absolutely awful)
who won the 1884 election, becoming the first dem pres. since civil war?
Cleveland
who won the 1888 election and who were his supporters?
Harrison (rep)
Grand Army of the Republic- rewarded with pensions
define pork-barrel politics?
passing laws to reward people/regions for their backing
led to large cartels buying politicians
when was the Sherman anti trust act passed by congress and what did it do?
1890
ensure fair competition and stop monopolies of industry
