1861 - 1870

Question 1

What were the immediate problems facing Italy in 1861?

Answer 1

• France troops stationed in Rome (which had been the previous centre of Italian Cultural Identity)
• Austria controlled Venetia (extremely wealthy state)
• Statuto Albertino (Piedmontese Constitution became Italian Constitution)
• Southern economy did not suit policies for Industrial North (who had previously had high tariffs and low investment which enabled an underdeveloped economy)
• Tuscan-Italian became National Language (unspoken by over 90% of Italians)

Question 2

Problems Piedmontisation caused in the South

Answer 2

• Lack of regional consideration (cut public services in poor South to reduce war debt of 2.1bn lire)
• Created a sense of having been colonised and exploitation rather than unified
• Tuscan-Italian became national language which alienated the South in the cultural identity of Italy
• Electorate contained 150,000 mainly Northern Italian Men (South had less proportionate say over democratic system)

Tax Burden per Capita in South was 28.5 lire
Tax Burden per Capita in North was 20.5 lire

Question 3

What emerged from these problems?

Answer 3

Brigandage

Question 4

Causes Of Brigandage

Answer 4

• Sentiment of having been colonised and exploited by North
• Wish to restore Bourbon control over South
• Anger at Garibaldi’s conquest of South without mass popular support of Sicilians (+ Land Reform pledge didn’t happen)
• Widespread famine meant turning to crime (Brigandage) was necessary for survival