18.6-18.9

Question 1

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Answer 1

The master endocrine gland that controls other glands. Pea shaped structure that lies in hypophyseal fossa and has two regions: anterior and posterior pituitary.

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Answer 2

Controls the pituitary gland. Major link between nervous and endocrine system. Synthesizes 9 different hormones.

Question 3

Infundibulum

Answer 3

Funnel. Composed of anterior and posterior pituitary.

Question 4

anterior pituitary

Answer 4

75% of pituitary weight.
Secretes hormones to regulate growth and reproduction.

Composed of epithelial tissue.

composed of two parts:

1) pars distalis
2) pars tuberalis

Question 5

Pars tuberalis

Answer 5

Part of anterior pituitary. Forms sheath around infundibulum.

Question 6

Posterior pituitary

Answer 6

Composed of neural tissue. Consists of two parts.

1) pars nervosa
2) pars intermedia

Question 7

Hypophyseal portal system flow of order

Answer 7

Superior arteries>primary plexus>veins>secondary plexus

Question 8

Neurosecretory cells

Answer 8

Synthesize the hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones

Question 9

Tropic hormones (tropins)

Answer 9

Anterior pituitary hormones that act on other endocrine glands

Question 10

Hormones of the anterior pituitary:

Answer 10

Somatotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Gonadotropins 
Lactotrophs
Corticotrophs

Question 11

Somatotrophs

Answer 11

Secrete HGH, Aka somatotropin. Which then stimulates release of insulin growth factors (iGF)

Question 12

Thyrotrophs

Answer 12

Thyroid stimulating hormone, aka thyrotropin.

Question 13

Gonadotrophs

Answer 13

Aka gonadotropins, 2 kinds-

1) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
2) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Produce estrogen in ovaries and testosterone in testes.

Question 14

Lactotrophs

Answer 14

Secrete prolactin (PRL) which starts milk production in mammary glands.

Question 15

Corticotrophs

Answer 15

Secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) aka corticotropin . Stimulates secretion on cortisol or melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

Question 16

Functions of IGF

Answer 16

1) increase uptake of amino acids accelerating protein synthesis
2) enhance lipolysis
3) increase carb metabolism by decreasing glucose uptake

Question 17

Hypoglycemia

Answer 17

Low blood glucose concentration

Question 18

Hyperglycemia

Answer 18

High blood glucose concentration , stimulates hypothalamus to secrete GHRH

Question 19

Posterior pituitary

Answer 19

Does not synthesize hormones, but stores and releases two hormones: oxytocin (OT) & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 20

Blood flow of posterior pituitary

Answer 20

Inferior hypophyseal arteries>capillary plexus of infundibular process> posterior hypophyseal veins>distribution to target cells

Question 21

Oxytocin

Answer 21

Affects uterus and breasts. Allows for smooth muscle to contact during labor and for lactation for breast feeding.

Question 22

Antidiuretic

Answer 22

Decreases urine production . Causes kidneys to return more water to the blood.

Fun fact: alcohol inhibits secretion of ADH.

Question 23

Vasopressin

Answer 23

An antidiuretic which raises blood pressure

Question 24

Osmoreceptors

Answer 24

Neurons in Hypothalamus that monitor blood osmotic pressure

Question 25

Blood carries ADH to three target tissues

Answer 25

Kidneys, sweat glands, smooth muscle in blood vessel walls

Question 26

Hypothalamohypophyseal tract

Answer 26

Begins in the hypothalamus and ends near blood capillaries in posterior pituitary