1830-1848 revs

Question 1

what are the five reasons for the causes of the 1848 revolutions?

Answer 1

• growth of liberalism
• reforms of Pius IX
• social and economic discontent
• unpopularity of the Austrians
• growth of nationalism

Question 2

what did CA do in 1847?

Answer 2

proposed the statuto

Question 3

what did the constitution do?

Answer 3

-gave radical reformers rights

Question 4

what did Pius IX do in 1846?

Answer 4

• liberal reforms of justice system
• recruited council of lay advisers called ‘consulta’
• entered a customs union with Tuscany
• freed 20,000 political prisoners

Question 5

what was the result of Pius release of political prisoners?

Answer 5

• inspired the masses

- they shouted ‘O Somme Pio’ (oh supreme Pius)

Question 6

what did Pius liberal reforms lead to in Piedmont?

Answer 6

-end their press censorship

Question 7

how many people worked on the land?

Answer 7

90%

Question 8

when were the Europe wide harvest failures?

Answer 8

1846 and 1847

Question 9

when did living standards in towns decline?

Answer 9

-1810

Question 10

what was life expectancy in Naples in 1840?

Answer 10

24

Question 11

what made people in the south hate their rulers?

Answer 11

cholera outbreak 1836 causing 65,000 deaths

Question 12

what did areas under Austrian control hate about it?

Answer 12

Lombardy and Venetia hated the high taxes, nearly 1/3 of Austrias revenue was made through these two wealthy states taxes

Question 13

when did tensions start in Austrian occupied areas?

Answer 13

July 1847

Question 14

what did the Austrians do in 1847?

Answer 14

occupied Ferrara which caused the Pope to lodge a formal protest with Austria

Question 15

what happened in March 1848?

Answer 15

• declaration of a republic in Venice

- skirmishes in Milan forcing out Austrian garrison

Question 16

when was the cholera outbreak in Sicily?

Answer 16

January 1848

Question 17

what happens in Sicily on the 12th January 1848

Answer 17

• peasants arrive in the city to support uprisings
• 5000 army reinforcements arrive
• city in taken over and the restoration of the 1812 constitution was demanded

Question 18

what was Sicily revolting for?

Answer 18

• constitution

- independence from Naples

Question 19

when, why and what happened in Naples?

Answer 19

• Januray 17th Jan
• they were inspired by Sicily
• uprisings were launched by secret societies

Question 20

what happened as a result of the Naples uprisings?

Answer 20

27th January

Ferdinand yielded and he appointed a more liberal ministry led by Maresco

Question 21

what happened in Naples in Feb?

Answer 21

-conservative constitution granted by Ferdinand

Question 22

why were Naples revolting?

Answer 22

• due to famine

- wanted a constitution

Question 23

when were the constitutions in Tuscany and the Papal States granted?

Answer 23

February 17th 1848

Question 24

what were the central duchies fighting for?

Answer 24

a constitution (demanded by the middle class)

Question 25

when do revolutions break out in Vienna and when does Metternich resign?

Answer 25

March 1848

Question 26

what happens in Lombardy in March 1848?

Answer 26

- five glorious days boycott (Austrian owned tobacco company) - 10,000 people petitioned for liberal reforms - Radetsky (austrian commander) withdraws to fortresses due to anti au train barricades king thrown up - Lombardy asks Piedmont for anti Austrian alliance

Question 27

when was the Venetian republic declared under Daniel main?

Answer 27

22nd march

Question 28

when does ca ask Piedmont for support against Austrians?

Answer 28

22nd march

Question 29

why did the 1830 revolutions fail geographically?

Answer 29

all 9 states had distinct culture | -backward in the south

Question 30

why did the secret societies fail?

Answer 30

-geographical disunity

Question 31

what % of the population spoke Italian?

Answer 31

2.5%

Question 32

where was Carbonri most well known and how many members?

Answer 32

60000 members in the south which was 5% of male population

Question 33

why did secret societies fail?

Answer 33

didn't want to work together lack organisation scattered

Question 34

why did 1830 revs fail?

Answer 34

- local affairs - no coordination - didnt use violence

Question 35

why did risorgimento fail?

Answer 35

too intellectual books and plays used to avoid censorship Rossinins William tell delivered patriotic theme

Question 36

who were nationalists divided between?

Answer 36

- balbo beleived in the strength of CA to lead unification by Piedmont - Gioberti beleived in the rule of Pius considering his liberal reforms - d'Azeglio beleived in CA - Mazzini, had 50,000 members of young Italy by 1830

Question 37

what did the Austrians do the instigated tensions before 1848 revolutions?

Answer 37

July 1847 they occupied Ferrara which cause pope to lodge formal protest with Austria government

Question 38

what happens in Sicily?

Answer 38

5000 reinforcements arrive to support revolution and 1812 constitution is demanded

Question 39

what does Ferdinand do in response to revolutions in Sicily?

Answer 39

September dispatches force of 20,000 to seize Messina and Sicilian parliament surrender after 3 days of bombardments which gives Ferdinand the name 'king bomba', he then destroys parliaments in march 1849

Question 40

what signals end to revolutions in Sicily?

Answer 40

Filangieri occupies Palermo 15th May 1849

Question 41

when and how do revolutions start in Naples?

Answer 41

17th January secret societies launch revolutions and massive demonstrations 27th January in Naples leads to Ferdinand Yielding

Question 42

how did Ferdinand initially respond to Naples revolutions?

Answer 42

grants conservative constitution, agrees to two chamber parliament and free press

Question 43

when is Rossi murdered and when does pope flee?

Answer 43

15th November | 26th November

Question 44

when and where did the Austrians win

Answer 44

Custozza 24th July 1848 | novara 23rd march 1849

Question 45

what weakened Piedmont?

Answer 45

papal allocution | CA refusing to accept soldiers that don't swear alleigence

Question 46

when do revolutions break out in Venice and what happens?

Answer 46

march 1848 and Metternich resigns

Question 47

what happens in Lombardy in 1848?

Answer 47

Austrian commander withdraws to quadrilateral and Lombardy asks Piedmont for alliance

Question 48

when does CA invade Lombardy?

Answer 48

22nd march 1848

Question 49

what does the ministry under Troya in Naples persuade Ferdinand to do?

Answer 49

- broaden franchise - break diplomatic relationships with Austria - send neopolitan force of 17,000 under Pepe to fight Austrians

Question 50

when is CA thrown out of Lombardy?

Answer 50

11th august 1848 and armistice of salasco signed

Question 51

when is the constituent established in Rome?

Answer 51

January 1849

Question 52

when does CA abdicate?

Answer 52

march 1849

Question 53

when is autocratic rule re-established by Ferdinand?

Answer 53

15th may 1849

Question 54

when does the republic of Venice fall?

Answer 54

august 1849

Question 55

when is the peace of Milan signed?

Answer 55

august 1849