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Italy revision > 1830-1848 revs > Flashcards

1830-1848 revs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the five reasons for the causes of the 1848 revolutions?

A
  • growth of liberalism
  • reforms of Pius IX
  • social and economic discontent
  • unpopularity of the Austrians
  • growth of nationalism
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2
Q

what did CA do in 1847?

A

proposed the statuto

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3
Q

what did the constitution do?

A

-gave radical reformers rights

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4
Q

what did Pius IX do in 1846?

A
  • liberal reforms of justice system
  • recruited council of lay advisers called ‘consulta’
  • entered a customs union with Tuscany
  • freed 20,000 political prisoners
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5
Q

what was the result of Pius release of political prisoners?

A
  • inspired the masses

- they shouted ‘O Somme Pio’ (oh supreme Pius)

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6
Q

what did Pius liberal reforms lead to in Piedmont?

A

-end their press censorship

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7
Q

how many people worked on the land?

A

90%

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8
Q

when were the Europe wide harvest failures?

A

1846 and 1847

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9
Q

when did living standards in towns decline?

A

-1810

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10
Q

what was life expectancy in Naples in 1840?

A

24

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11
Q

what made people in the south hate their rulers?

A

cholera outbreak 1836 causing 65,000 deaths

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12
Q

what did areas under Austrian control hate about it?

A

Lombardy and Venetia hated the high taxes, nearly 1/3 of Austrias revenue was made through these two wealthy states taxes

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13
Q

when did tensions start in Austrian occupied areas?

A

July 1847

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14
Q

what did the Austrians do in 1847?

A

occupied Ferrara which caused the Pope to lodge a formal protest with Austria

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15
Q

what happened in March 1848?

A
  • declaration of a republic in Venice

- skirmishes in Milan forcing out Austrian garrison

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16
Q

when was the cholera outbreak in Sicily?

A

January 1848

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17
Q

what happens in Sicily on the 12th January 1848

A
  • peasants arrive in the city to support uprisings
  • 5000 army reinforcements arrive
  • city in taken over and the restoration of the 1812 constitution was demanded
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18
Q

what was Sicily revolting for?

A
  • constitution

- independence from Naples

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19
Q

when, why and what happened in Naples?

A
  • Januray 17th Jan
  • they were inspired by Sicily
  • uprisings were launched by secret societies
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20
Q

what happened as a result of the Naples uprisings?

A

27th January

Ferdinand yielded and he appointed a more liberal ministry led by Maresco

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21
Q

what happened in Naples in Feb?

A

-conservative constitution granted by Ferdinand

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22
Q

why were Naples revolting?

A
  • due to famine

- wanted a constitution

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23
Q

when were the constitutions in Tuscany and the Papal States granted?

A

February 17th 1848

24
Q

what were the central duchies fighting for?

A

a constitution (demanded by the middle class)

25
Q

when do revolutions break out in Vienna and when does Metternich resign?

A

March 1848

26
Q

what happens in Lombardy in March 1848?

A
  • five glorious days boycott (Austrian owned tobacco company)
  • 10,000 people petitioned for liberal reforms
  • Radetsky (austrian commander) withdraws to fortresses due to anti au train barricades king thrown up
  • Lombardy asks Piedmont for anti Austrian alliance
27
Q

when was the Venetian republic declared under Daniel main?

A

22nd march

28
Q

when does ca ask Piedmont for support against Austrians?

A

22nd march

29
Q

why did the 1830 revolutions fail geographically?

A

all 9 states had distinct culture

-backward in the south

30
Q

why did the secret societies fail?

A

-geographical disunity

31
Q

what % of the population spoke Italian?

A

2.5%

32
Q

where was Carbonri most well known and how many members?

A

60000 members in the south which was 5% of male population

33
Q

why did secret societies fail?

A

didn’t want to work together
lack organisation
scattered

34
Q

why did 1830 revs fail?

A
  • local affairs
  • no coordination
  • didnt use violence
35
Q

why did risorgimento fail?

A

too intellectual
books and plays used to avoid censorship
Rossinins William tell delivered patriotic theme

36
Q

who were nationalists divided between?

A
  • balbo beleived in the strength of CA to lead unification by Piedmont
  • Gioberti beleived in the rule of Pius considering his liberal reforms
  • d’Azeglio beleived in CA
  • Mazzini, had 50,000 members of young Italy by 1830
37
Q

what did the Austrians do the instigated tensions before 1848 revolutions?

A

July 1847 they occupied Ferrara which cause pope to lodge formal protest with Austria government

38
Q

what happens in Sicily?

A

5000 reinforcements arrive to support revolution and 1812 constitution is demanded

39
Q

what does Ferdinand do in response to revolutions in Sicily?

A

September dispatches force of 20,000 to seize Messina and Sicilian parliament surrender after 3 days of bombardments which gives Ferdinand the name ‘king bomba’, he then destroys parliaments in march 1849

40
Q

what signals end to revolutions in Sicily?

A

Filangieri occupies Palermo 15th May 1849

41
Q

when and how do revolutions start in Naples?

A

17th January secret societies launch revolutions and massive demonstrations 27th January in Naples leads to Ferdinand Yielding

42
Q

how did Ferdinand initially respond to Naples revolutions?

A

grants conservative constitution, agrees to two chamber parliament and free press

43
Q

when is Rossi murdered and when does pope flee?

A

15th November

26th November

44
Q

when and where did the Austrians win

A

Custozza 24th July 1848

novara 23rd march 1849

45
Q

what weakened Piedmont?

A

papal allocution

CA refusing to accept soldiers that don’t swear alleigence

46
Q

when do revolutions break out in Venice and what happens?

A

march 1848 and Metternich resigns

47
Q

what happens in Lombardy in 1848?

A

Austrian commander withdraws to quadrilateral and Lombardy asks Piedmont for alliance

48
Q

when does CA invade Lombardy?

A

22nd march 1848

49
Q

what does the ministry under Troya in Naples persuade Ferdinand to do?

A
  • broaden franchise
  • break diplomatic relationships with Austria
  • send neopolitan force of 17,000 under Pepe to fight Austrians
50
Q

when is CA thrown out of Lombardy?

A

11th august 1848 and armistice of salasco signed

51
Q

when is the constituent established in Rome?

A

January 1849

52
Q

when does CA abdicate?

A

march 1849

53
Q

when is autocratic rule re-established by Ferdinand?

A

15th may 1849

54
Q

when does the republic of Venice fall?

A

august 1849

55
Q

when is the peace of Milan signed?

A

august 1849

Italy revision (4 decks)

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