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Cardiology > 18.12.2013 > Flashcards

18.12.2013 Flashcards

1
Q

When should statins be stopped with regards to liver enzyme elevation

A

If enzyme elevation is 3 times the baseline

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2
Q

simvastatin increases the levels of

A

warfarin

digoxin

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3
Q

rosuvastatin increases the levels of

A

warfarin

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4
Q

greatest risk of myopathy is when statins are co administered with which fibrate

A

gemfibrosil

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5
Q

Risk of myopathy is increased when statins are given along with which drugs

A 
fibrates
ketoconazole
itraconazole
erythromycin
clarithromycin
protease inhibitors
cyclosporine
nefzadone
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6
Q

bile acid binding resins should not be used as a monotherapy in patients with triglycerides more than

A

250mg/dl

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7
Q

bile acid sequestrants reduce the absorption of

A 
warfarin
digoxin
thyroid hormone
thiazides 
statins
glypizide
amiodarone
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8
Q

bile acid sequestrant with least drug interaction

A

colesevalam

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9
Q

lipid lowering effect of statins begins by

A

1 week

stabilises by 4 weeks

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10
Q

Amount of LDL reduction by bile acid sequestrants

A

15-30%

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11
Q

Amount of LDL reduction by niacin

A

> 15%

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12
Q

Effect of niacin on lipid profile

A

LDL reduction of more than 15%
TG reduction of 20-50%
Increases HDL by 35%

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13
Q

Side effects of niacin

A 
flushing 
headache
pruritis
elevation of liver enzymes
bloating
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia
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14
Q

Niacin should be avoided in pts with

A

Uncontrolled hyperglycemia
peptic ulcer
gout
liver disease

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15
Q

amount of LDL reduction produced by ezetimibe

A

18% when used as monotherapy

additional 25% when used with statins

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16
Q

Effect of triglycerides on lipid profile

A

reduce TGs by 30-50%
Increase HDL by 10-35%
effect on LDL depends on TG levels

17
Q

omega 3 fatty acids

A

eicosapentanoic acid

docosahexaenoic acid

18
Q

CHD risk equivalents

A 
DM
Non coronary atherosclerosis
  CVD
  AAA
  PVD
CHD risk more than 20%
19
Q

effect of statins on Lp(a)

A

NIL

20
Q

Least potent statins

A

fluvastatin

lovastatin

21
Q

statin that decreases fibrinogen level

A

pravastatin

22
Q

food increases the absorption of all statins except

A

pravastatin

23
Q

statin with least chance of drug interaction

A

pravastatin

24
Q

statin with least risk of myopathy

A

pravastatin

25
Q

transporter inhibited by ezetimibe

A

NPC1L1

26
Q

Major adverse effects of bile acid binding resins

A

constipation

27
Q

effect of bile acids on triglycerides

A

inhibit synthesis of TGs

28
Q

ASO against apoB100 mRNA used in familial hypercholesterolemia

A

Mipomersen

29
Q

CETP inhibitors

A

torcitrapib

anacetrapib

30
Q

ACAT-1 inhibitor

A

avasimibe

31
Q

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor

A

lomitapide

32
Q

target INR in valve replacement

A 
bioprosthetic:
 aortic-2
 mitral-2.5
mechanical:
 aortic-2.5
 mitral-3

Cardiology (16 decks)

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