18: The Extent of Detente up to 1979

Question 1

What two treaties were encompassed in SALT I and when were they passed?

Answer 1

The anti-ballistic missile treaty + the interim agreement on the limitation of strategic offensive arms (1972)

Question 2

What was achieved by SALT I?

Answer 2

ABM treaty reduced competition, only allowed 2 fields of ABMs
Limit on most weapons (not MIRVs or cruise missiles though)
Promoted stability
Laid foundation for further meetings and cooperation

Question 3

When was the Moscow Summit and what was decided there?

Answer 3

May 1972
Committed to developing relations based on equality and non-interference in internal affairs
Exercise restraint in order to achieve peaceful coexistence
Agreements had no legal status however

Question 4

When was the Vladivostok Summit and what was decided there?

Answer 4

November 1974 (Ford now President)
Framework for a 10 year plan and move towards SALT II

Question 5

Why was there disagreements between Vladivostok and Vienna?

Answer 5

Carter became new president
Advisors forcing different approaches on Kissinger
Brezhnev wanted to stick to what was laid out at Vladivostok
Carter administration seemed to be moving away from detente

Question 6

When was the Vienna Summit and what was decided there?

Answer 6

June 1979

SALT II formalised (weapons numbers reduced)

Question 7

What was Ostpolitik?

Answer 7

New approach from West German chancellor WiIly Brandt

Abandonment of the Hallstein Doctrine and movements towards cooperation with East Germany

Question 8

What was the 1972 Basic Treaty?

Answer 8

Treaty aimed at normalising relations between West and East Germany

Question 9

What were the Helsinki Accords and when were they created?

Answer 9

1975
3 baskets (Security in Europe, Cooperation in economics, science, technology and the environment, Cooperation in humanitarian and other fields)
Soviets wanted further détente but not humanitarian advances
USA didn’t want to accept a divided Germany or eastern European status quo

Question 10

What happened to the arms race at this time?

Answer 10

Continued to some extent, Carter was convincing NATO allies to expand still

Question 11

When did US relations with China begin to improve?

Answer 11

End of Mao and beginning of Xiaoping (early 70s)