1.8. Comparing Prokaryotic Cells With Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
When are prokaryotes thought to have evolved?
About 3.5 billion years ago
When are eukaryotes are thought to have evolved?
About 1.5 billion years ago
The typical diameter of prokaryotic cells is
0.5–5 µm
1–5 µm
Eukaryotic cells are up to_______ in diameter
40 µm
The volume of eukaryotic cells is_____ times more than prokaryotic cells.
1000
Describe how DNA is kept in a prokaryotic cell
DNA is circular and free in cytoplasm; it is not surrounded by a double membrane
What’s the size of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
70S ribosomes
Describe how DNA is kept in eukaryotic cells
DNA is not circular contained in any nucleus. The nucleus surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)
What is the size of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
80S ribosomes
Describe the organelles in prokaryotic cells
Very few types of cell organelles are present. No separate membrane bound organelles are present.
Describe the cell organelles in eukaryotic cells
Many type of cell organelle are present some containing a single membrane other with a membrane well, having no membrane at all
What organelles are surrounded by a single membrane?
Lysosomes,Golgi apparatus, Vacuoles, Endoplasmic reticulum
What are organelles are surrounded by an envelope of two membranes?
Nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast
What organelles have no membrane?
Ribosomes, centrioles, microtubules
The cell wall in prokaryotic cell is made of
Peptidoglycan
What is the cell wall in plants made up of?
Cellulose and lingin
What is the cell wall in fungi made up of?
Chitin (a nitrogen containing polysaccharide, similar to cellulose)
Describe a flagella in prokaryotic cells
Flagella are simple and lack microtubules, the project outside the cell surface membrane so they are extracellular
Describe the flagella(and cilia) in eukaryotic cells
Flagella and cilia are complex with a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules; surrounded by the cell surface membrane so they are intracellular.
Describe the cell division in prokaryotic cells
Cell division occurs by binary fission (the cell splits into two); it does not involve a spindle
Describe the cell division in eukaryotic cells
Cell division takes place by mitosis or meiosis and involves a spindle
None of the eukaryotes carry out nitrogen fixation
While some of the prokaryotes carry out nitrogen fixation
