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cell structure > 1.8. Comparing Prokaryotic Cells With Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

1.8. Comparing Prokaryotic Cells With Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

1
Q

When are prokaryotes thought to have evolved?

A

About 3.5 billion years ago

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2
Q

When are eukaryotes are thought to have evolved?

A

About 1.5 billion years ago

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3
Q

The typical diameter of prokaryotic cells is

A

0.5–5 µm
1–5 µm

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4
Q

Eukaryotic cells are up to_______ in diameter

A

40 µm

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5
Q

The volume of eukaryotic cells is_____ times more than prokaryotic cells.

A

1000

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6
Q

Describe how DNA is kept in a prokaryotic cell

A

DNA is circular and free in cytoplasm; it is not surrounded by a double membrane

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7
Q

What’s the size of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

A

70S ribosomes

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8
Q

Describe how DNA is kept in eukaryotic cells

A

DNA is not circular contained in any nucleus. The nucleus surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)

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9
Q

What is the size of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

A

80S ribosomes

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10
Q

Describe the organelles in prokaryotic cells

A

Very few types of cell organelles are present. No separate membrane bound organelles are present.

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11
Q

Describe the cell organelles in eukaryotic cells

A

Many type of cell organelle are present some containing a single membrane other with a membrane well, having no membrane at all

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12
Q

What organelles are surrounded by a single membrane?

A

Lysosomes,Golgi apparatus, Vacuoles, Endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

What are organelles are surrounded by an envelope of two membranes?

A

Nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast

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14
Q

What organelles have no membrane?

A

Ribosomes, centrioles, microtubules

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15
Q

The cell wall in prokaryotic cell is made of

A

Peptidoglycan

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16
Q

What is the cell wall in plants made up of?

A

Cellulose and lingin

17
Q

What is the cell wall in fungi made up of?

A

Chitin (a nitrogen containing polysaccharide, similar to cellulose)

18
Q

Describe a flagella in prokaryotic cells

A

Flagella are simple and lack microtubules, the project outside the cell surface membrane so they are extracellular

19
Q

Describe the flagella(and cilia) in eukaryotic cells

A

Flagella and cilia are complex with a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules; surrounded by the cell surface membrane so they are intracellular.

20
Q

Describe the cell division in prokaryotic cells

A

Cell division occurs by binary fission (the cell splits into two); it does not involve a spindle

21
Q

Describe the cell division in eukaryotic cells

A

Cell division takes place by mitosis or meiosis and involves a spindle

22
Q

None of the eukaryotes carry out nitrogen fixation

A

While some of the prokaryotes carry out nitrogen fixation

cell structure (8 decks)

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