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cell structure > 1.3. Plant And Animal Cells As Seen With A Light Microscope > Flashcards

1.3. Plant And Animal Cells As Seen With A Light Microscope Flashcards

1
Q

All cells are surrounded by

A

A very thin cell surface membrane

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2
Q

Cell surface membrane is also known as

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

All eukaryotic cells contain

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Why is the nucleus very easy to see when looking down the microscope

A

It is relatively large and stains intensely

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5
Q

The deeply staining material is

A

Chromatin

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6
Q

Chromatin is a mass of

A

Coiled threads

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7
Q

The threads are seen to collect together

A

To form chromosomes during nuclear division

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8
Q

Chromatin contains ____ the molecule which contains the ________ that controls the activities of the cell.

A

DNA….. instructions(genes)

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9
Q

An even more deeply staining area inside the nucleus is

A

The nucleolus

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10
Q

Nucleolus is made up of

A

Loops of DNA from several chromosomes

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11
Q

The common number of nucleoli in each cell in mammals is

A

One to five

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12
Q

One of the main function of nucleoli is

A

To make ribosomes

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13
Q

All the living material inside the cell is called

A

Protoplasm

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14
Q

All the living material inside the cell is called

A

Protoplasm

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15
Q

all the living material outside the nucleus but within the cell is called

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

Cytoplasm is an aqueous (watery) material, varying from a ______ to a _______ consistency.

A

Fluid ….. jelly like

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17
Q

Why are organelles separated by membranes in an eukaryotic cell

A

so that their activities can be separated from the surrounding cytoplasm. Organising cell activities in separate compartments is essential for a structure as complex as an animal or plant cell to work efficiently.

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18
Q

The most numerous organelle seen with light microscope is

A

Mitochondria

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19
Q

Mitochondria are only _______ using a light microscope

A

Just visible

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20
Q

Videos of living cells have shown mitochondria can

A

Move about, change shape and divide.

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21
Q

Mitochondria are specialized to carry out

A

Aerobic respiration

22
Q

What resulted in discovery of Golgi apparatus

A

The use of special stains containing silver

23
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do

A

Golgi apparatus collects and processes molecules within the cell, particularly proteins.

24
Q

One of the structures commonly found in plant cells but absent from animal cells is

A

Centrioles

25
Q

Plant cells differ from animal cells by posessing

A

Cell walls, large permanent vacuoles, and chloroplasts

26
Q

How do centrioles appear to be under the light microscope

A

As a small structure close to the nucleus

27
Q

Why is it that with a light microscope individual plant cells are more easily seen than animal cells

A

Because they’re usually larger, and unlike animal cells are surrounded by a cell wall

28
Q

The cell wall is extra cellular explain what this means

A

The cell wall is an extra structure, which is outside the cell surface membrane

29
Q

What is the cell wall relatively rigid?

A

Because it contains fibers of cellulose a polysaccharide

30
Q

What are some benefits of the cell wall?

A

It gives the cell a definite shape.
Prevents the cell from bursting when water enters it by osmosis, allowing large, precious to develop inside the cell

31
Q

Cell walls may be reinforced for extra strength with

A

Extra cellulose or a hard material called lingin

32
Q

Cell walls are freely permeable

A

This month they allow free movement of molecules and ions through the self surface membrane

33
Q

Plant cells early to neighboring cells by

A

Means of pores containing fine strands of cytoplasm. These structures are called plasmodesmata(singular: plasmodesma)

34
Q

Plasmodesmata are lined with

A

Are lined with the cell surface membrane

35
Q

Movement through the pores os thought to be controlled by

A

The structure of the pores

36
Q

Vacuoles are

A

Sac like structures which are surrounded by a single membrane

37
Q

Animal cells possess small temporary vacuoles such as

A

Phagocytic vacuoles

38
Q

Animal cells possess small temporary vacuoles such as

A

Phagocytic vacuoles

39
Q

A mature plant cell possesses a _____, _______, _________ vacuole

A

Large, permanent, central

40
Q

The plant vacuole is surrounded by a membrane called

A

The tonoplast

41
Q

What is the function of a tonoplast

A

It controls the exchange between the vacuole and the cytoplasm

42
Q

The fluid in the vacuole is a solution of

A

Pigments, enzymes, sugars and other organic compounds (including some waste products), mineral salts, oxygen and carbon dioxide

43
Q

Functions of vacuoles in a plant cell

A

Help to regulate the osmotic properties of the cells (the flow of water inwards and outwards)
Contain the pigments which color the petals of certain flowers or parts of certain vegetables such as the red pigments of beetroots

44
Q

Chloroplasts are organelles specialized for

A

Photosynthesis

45
Q

Chloroplasts are found in

A

Green parts of the plants, mainly the leaves

46
Q

Chloroplasts are relatively large organelles so can easily be seen with a light microscope

A

It is even possible to see tiny ‘grains’ or grana (singular: granum) inside the chloroplasts using light microscope

47
Q

The grana inside the chloroplasts contains

A

Chlorophyll

48
Q

What is chlorophyll

A

The green pigment which absorbs light during photosynthesis

49
Q

What are chromatin

A

A highly staining material in the nucleus of which chromosomes are made, consisting of DNA, proteins and small amounts of RNA

50
Q

What do chromatins look like when stained

A

They are visible as patches or fibres within the nucleus when stained

cell structure (8 decks)

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