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Chemistry Unit 1 > 1.8 Acids, Bases And Salts > Flashcards

1.8 Acids, Bases And Salts Flashcards

1
Q

What are indicators

A

Indicators are chemicals which can change colour in acidic/neutral/alkali solutions

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2
Q

What are 3 common indicator papers ?

A

Red litmus paper
Blue litmus paper
Universal indicator paper

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3
Q

What is the colour of red litmus paper in acid solution ?

A

Red

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4
Q

What is the colour of red litmus paper in neutral solution ?

A

Red

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5
Q

What is the colour of red litmus paper in alkaline solution ?

A

Blue

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6
Q

What is the colour of blue litmus paper in acid solution ?

A

Red

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7
Q

What is the colour of blue litmus paper in neutral solution ?

A

Blue

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

What is the colour of blue litmus paper in alkaline solution ?

A

Blue

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10
Q

How can universal indicator paper measure both whether the solution is acid, alkali or neutral as well as the pH

A

Universal indicator paper can be used to measure pH as the colour can be matched to a colour chart.

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11
Q

What 2 methods can be used to measure pH in the laboratory?

A
  • Universal indicator paper
  • A pH meter
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12
Q

What is a pH meter?

A

A pH meter is an electronic device which measures pH of a solution more accurately giving a pH to at least one decimal place

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

What color does a universal indicator turn in a strong acid (pH 0-2)?

A

red

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15
Q

What color does a universal indicator turn in a weak acid (pH 5-6)?

A

yellow

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16
Q

What is the color of a neutral solution (pH 7) when using a universal indicator?

A

green

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17
Q

What color indicates a weak alkali (pH 8-9) on a universal indicator?

A

blue

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18
Q

What color does a universal indicator turn in a strong alkali (pH 10-14)?

A

dark blue/purple

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19
Q

What is a characteristic of weak acids and weak alkalis?

A

not completely ionised in water

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20
Q

What is the definition of an alkali?

A

a soluble base

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21
Q

What ions do all acids contain?

A

hydrogen ions, H+(aq)

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22
Q

What ions do all alkalis contain?

A

hydroxide ions, OH-(aq)

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23
Q

What is the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

A

The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of H+(aq)

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24
Q

What is the pH range for strong acids?

A

0-2

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25
List two examples of weak acids.
* carbonic acid, H2CO3 * ethanoic acid, CH3COOH
26
List two examples of strong acids.
* hydrochloric acid, HCl * sulfuric acid, H2SO4 * nitric acid, HNO3
27
What are the formulas for strong alkalis?
* sodium hydroxide, NaOH * potassium hydroxide, KOH
28
What is the definition of neutralization?
a reaction between an acid and a base producing a salt and water
29
What is the ionic equation for neutralization?
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
30
What remains in the solution after a neutralization reaction?
the other ions from the acid and the alkali form the salt
31
How is concentration measured in chemistry?
in mol/dm³ (moles per litre)
32
Fill in the blank: A base is a _______.
metal oxide or metal hydroxide
33
What do all neutralisation reactions do and what can be determined by monitoring this ?
All neutralisation reactions are exothermic meanin the reaction gives out heat energy and this be monitored to measure the maximum temperature change or to see when the neutralisation reaction is complete. E.g. if acid is added to alkali in portions the temperature continues to rise until the reaction is complete, then it will start to fall again
34
35
36
What is the word equation for a metal reacting with acid ?
Metal + Acid > Salt + Hydrogen
37
What is the word equation for a base reacting with acid ?
Base ( usually oxide or hydroxide) + acid > salt + water
38
What is the word equation for a Metal Carbonate reacting with an acid ?
Metal Carbonate + Acid > Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
39
What is the word equation for a metal hydrogencarbonate reacting with an acid ?
Metal Hydrogencarbonate + acid > Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
40
What can be observed when reactions with acids produce a gas ?
When a gas is produced bubbles of gas are observed
41
What happens in most reactions with acids ?
In most of the reactions, heat is realeased and the container in which the reaction is happening will feel warm
42
What colour are acids ?
All acids are colourless solutions but if a transition metal compound reacts with the acid the solution will change colour
43
How can Hydrogen be tested for ?
Hydrogen can be tested for, using a lit splint and a squeaky popping sound will indicate the presence of hydrogen gas
44
What metals don't react with acids ?
Unreactive metals such as copper do not react with acids
45
How can you test for the carbon dioxide produced when a metal carbonate or hydrogencarbonate reacts with an acid ?
Carbon dioxide can be tested for using limewater (calcium hydroxide solution). Bubble the gas through the limewater and if the gas is carbon dioxide the limewater will change from colourless to milky.
46
Most metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are insoluble in water (except those in Group 1) meaning what ?
The solids will disappear when they react with the acid
47
What is the definition of a salt ?
A salt is a compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions
48
What colour are most group 1,2, aluminium and zinc salts and what colour solutions do they form if they dissolve in water ?
- Most Group 1, 2 , Aluminium and zinc salts are white solids. - If they dissolve in water they form colourless solutions
49
What colour are copper (II) salts ?
Copper (II) salts are mostly blue and form blue solutions
50
What colour is copper (II) oxide ?
Copper (II) oxide is black
51
What colour is copper (II) carbonate ?
copper (II) carbonate is green
52
What colour is Hydrated copper (II) sulfate ?
Hydrated copper (II) sulfate is blue
53
54
What happens to hydrated salts when they are heated?
They lose their water of crystallisation and break down into a powder ## Footnote The color is often lost during this process.
55
What color does copper(II) sulfate change to when heated?
From blue crystals to a white powder ## Footnote This demonstrates the loss of water of crystallisation.
56
What is the characteristic color of a sample of hydrated copper(II) sulfate?
Blue ## Footnote This color indicates the presence of water of crystallisation.
57
What is the purpose of hazard symbols on chemical labels?
They provide instantly recognisable information about hazards ## Footnote Hazard symbols can be understood by anyone, regardless of language.
58
What does the hazard symbol for 'toxic' indicate?
It indicates a substance that can cause harm or death if ingested or inhaled ## Footnote Toxic substances require careful handling.
59
What does the hazard symbol for 'corrosive' indicate?
It indicates a substance that can damage living tissue or destroy materials ## Footnote Corrosive substances can cause severe burns.
60
What does the hazard symbol for 'explosive' indicate?
It indicates a substance that can explode under certain conditions ## Footnote Explosive materials require strict safety measures.
61
What does the hazard symbol for 'flammable' indicate?
It indicates a substance that can easily catch fire ## Footnote Flammable materials should be stored away from heat sources.
62
What does the hazard symbol for 'caution' indicate?
It indicates a general hazard for harmful or irritant substances ## Footnote Caution symbols suggest the material may cause mild harm.
63
What are some of the safety measures when working with any chemicals ?
- Safety glasses should be worn - Toxic chemical should be used in a fume cupboard - Gloves and other PPE such as a lab coat should be worn when working with corrosive chemicals - There should be no naked flames when working with flammable chemicals
64

Chemistry Unit 1 (6 decks)

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