1.6 Periodic Table Flashcards
1
Q
How were elements arranged in Mendeleevs periodic table ?
A
Elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass
2
Q
How did Mendeleev arrange the periodic table?
A
- Elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass
- All known elements were included
- Elements with similar chemical properties were grouped together in vertical columns
- Gaps were left for undiscovered elements and this enabled for properties for undiscovered elements to be predicted
3
Q
Describe how Mendeleevs periodic table looked like ?
A
Mendeleev arranged the elements in order or increasing atomic mass and left gaps for elements that had not been discovered at that time and this enabled him to predict the properties of undiscovered elements
4
Q
The modern periodic table is based on Mendeleevs; however it has changed in many ways such as what ?
A
- Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number
- All known elements are included
- Elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together in vertical columns
- The gaps which were left for undiscovered elements are now occupied
- The transition metals are grouped together in a separate block
- There is a group 0 for the Noble Gases
5
Q
What is a period in the periodic table ?
A
A horizontal row
6
Q
What is a group in the periodic table?
A
A vertical column
7
Q
Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties?
A
Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties since they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
8
Q
How many electrons do group 1 elements have in their outer shell ?
A
1
9
Q
How many electrons do group 2 elements have in their outer shell ?
A
2
10
Q
How many electrons do group 0 elements have in their outer shell ?
A
8 electrons
11
Q
What are the group 1 elements called and what are they described as?
A
Alkali Metals - Very reactive metals
12
Q
What are the group 2 elements called and what are they described as ?
A
Alkaline Earth Metals - Reactive metals
13
Q
What are the group 7 elements called and what are they described as?
A
Halogens - reactive non-metals
14
Q
What are the group 8/0 elements called and what are they described as?
A
The Noble Gases - non-reactive non- metals
15
Q
Where are metals located in the periodic table ?
A
Metals are located on the left hand side
16
Q
Where are non-metals located in the periodic table
A
Non metals are located on the right
17
Q
What happens to the metallic character of the elements across the periodic table?
A
The metallic character of the elements decreases across the periodic table
18
Q
Why is silicon a semi-metal ?
A
Silicon is a semi-metal as it has properties which are intermediate between those of metals and non-metals
19
Q
Which periodic table has the elements in order of increasing atomic number ?
A
Modern periodic table
20
Q
A
21
Q
Which periodic table has the elements in order of increasing atomic mass ?
A
Mendeleevs periodic table
22
Q
Which periodic table includes all known elements
A
Both the modern and Mendeleevs periodic table
23
Q
What periodic table had gaps left for undiscovered elements?
A
Mendeleevs periodic table
24
Q
In what periodic are the gaps occupied?
A
Modern periodic table
25
In what periodic table are elements with similar chemical properties grouped together in vertical columns ?
Both Mendeleevs and the modern periodic table
26
What periodic table has the transition metals grouped together in a separate block?
The modern periodic table
27
In what periodic table is there a group 0 for the Noble Gases
Modern periodic table
28
What is the melting point ?
The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
29
What is the boiling point ?
The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
30
How do you determine if a substance a solid at room temperature (25°c)
If a substance is a solid at room temperature its melting point is higher than room temperature (25°c)
31
What physical state is a substance at room temperature with a melting point higher than room temperature (25°c)
Solid
32
What
33
How do you determine if a substance is a liquid at room temperature?
The room temperature (25°c) is between the melting and boiling point
34
What physical state is a substance at room temperature where 25°c is between it's melting and boiling point?
A liquid
35
How can you determine if a substance is a gas at room temperature?
A substance is a gas at room temperature if the boiling point is lower than 25°c
36
What physical state is a substance at room temperature if it's boiling point is lower than 25°c
A gas
37
Why are noble gases non-reactive?
This is because atoms of noble gases are stable, and therefore unreactive since they all have a full outer shell of 8 electrons
38
What colours are the Noble Gases
The Noble Gases are colourless
39
What are the 2 elements which are a liquid at room temperature in the periodic table ?
Bromine (a non-metal) and Mercury (a metal)
40
What are the 11 gases in the periodic table?
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Flourine
Chlorine
All The Noble Gases
41
What are the properties of the group 1 elements; The alkali metals ?
- They are low density metals -The first are less dense than water and so float on water ( Lithium, Sodium and Potassium)
- They are soft metals - The alkali metals are so soft they can be cut with a scalpel
- They have low melting and boiling points
42
43
How are group 1 metals stored and why ?
Group 1 metals are highly reactive and are stored under oil
44
When group 1 metals react with oxygen what do they form ?
They form the metal oxide which are white solids
45
What is the appearance of group 1 metals
The metals are dull in appearance but show a shiny surface when freshly cut.
They change to dull rapidly again (tarnishes) as the metal react with oxygen and water vapour in the air
46
How do the group 1 metals react with water?
They react vigorously with water, the reactivity increases down the group
47
What are the general observations for Lithium, sodium and Potassium reacting with water?
- metal floats on the surface of the water
- fizzing
- metal moves
- heat is released
- colourless solution is formed
- the metal disappears
- For sodium and Potassium the metal also melts on the surface of the water forming a silvery ball
- For potassium, there is a lilac flame and a crackle or explosion at the end
48
What safety precautions must take place when reacting a group 1 metal with water ?
- The metal is removed and handled using tongs
- a small piece of the metal is cut as it is very reactive
- the oil is removed
- the metal is added to a large volume of water behind a safety screen
49
Why do the alkali metals have similar chemical properties?
The alkali metals have similar chemical properties as when they react the atoms each lose one electron to form a positive ion which is stable as it has a full outer shell of electrons
50
What is the half equation for sodium, a group 1 metals reacting to lose 1 electron to achieve a full outer shell of electrons?
Na > Na+ + e-
51
What colour are solid group one compounds and when they dissolve in water what colour of solution do they give ?
Solid group 1 compounds are white solids and dissolve in water to give colourless solutions
52
Why does Reactivity increase down the group in group 1 ?
- As going down the group, the outer electron in the atom is further from the nucleus so it is less attracted to the nucleus.
- This means that the outer electron is lost more readily from atoms further down the group and so reactivity increases down the group
53
What are the group 7 elements?
Flourine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
54
55
What are the group 7 (halogens) ?
They are diatomic and toxic
56
What is the colour and physical state of Fluorine at room temperature?
Fluorine is a yellow gas at room temperature
57
What is the colour and physical state of Chlorine at room temperature?
Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature
58
What is the colour and physical state of Bromine at room temperature?
Bromine is a red-brown liquid at room temperature
59
What is the colour and physical state of Iodine at room temperature?
Iodine is a grey-black solid at room temperature
60
What would be the expected colour and physical state of astatine ?
It would be expected that astatine is a black solid based on the colour darkening down the group and the state changing from solid to liquid to gas
61
What is meant by the term sublimation?
When a solid changes directly to a gas and vice versa
62
When iodine sublimes on heating what can be observed?
Iodine is a grey-black solid which sublime
63
When Iodine sublimeson heating what can be observed?
Iodine is a grey-black solid which sublimes on heating to form a purple gas
64
How can chlorine gas be tested for ?
Place damp universal indicator in the gas
The damp universal paper will turn red then bleach white
65
Why do the group 7 halogens show similar chemical properties?
They show similar chemical properties because when the atoms react they gain an electron to form a negative ion which is stable as it has a full outer shell of electrons
66
What is the general term used for a negative ion formed from the halogen atoms
The general term halide is used
67
What are the negative ions named which are formed from halogen atoms ?
Fluoride, Chloride, Bromide and Iodide
68
What happens to the reactivity of the halogen down the group ?
The reactivity of the halogens decreases down the group
69
Why does the reactivity decrease down the halogen group ?
- This can be explained as going down the group, the atomic radius increases i.e the atoms get bigger
- Distance between an approaching electron and the atoms positive nucleus increases
- More energy is needed for the atom to gain an electron
- Reactivity decreases
incoming electron is coming into a shell further from the nucleus so the attractive power of the nucleus for the incoming electron is less.This means the ability of the atoms to gain an electron decreases down the group
70
What type of reaction do group 7 elements undergo with halides in solution ?
Group 7 elements undergo displacement reactions with halides in solution
71
What colour is a solution of fluorine ?
A solution of fluorine is yellow
72
What colour is a solution of Chlorine?
A solution of chlorine is Green
73
What colour is a solution of Bromine ?
A solution of Bromine is orange
74
What colour is a solution of Iodine ?
A solution of iodine is brown
75
What do all halide salts exist as ?
White solids which dissolve in water to give colourless solutions
76
When halogens react with a metal what do they form ?
All the halogens react it's metals to form compounds which are white solids and these white solids will dissolve in water to form a colourless solution
77
What colour is the solution of the group 1 halide in water
Colourless
78
What are all group 0 elements at room temperature and pressure?
They are all Colourless gases
80
When bromine water is added to potassium iodide solution what can be observed ?
The colourless solution changes to orange on addition of bromine water but darkens to brown as iodine is formed
81
Why are group 0 elements unreactive?
They are unreactive as their atoms have a full outer shell of electrons and are stable
82
What happens to the boiling points of the noble gases as you go down the group?
The boiling points of the noble gases increase down the group
83
What do transition metals form ?
The transition metals form coloured compounds which are exemplified by copper compounds such as
- Copper(II) oxide is black
- Copper(II) Carbonate is green
- Copper(II) salts are blue in solution
- Hydrated copper(II) sulfate is blue
84
85
What colour is Copper(II) oxide ?
Copper(II) oxide is black
86
What colour is Copper(II) Carbonate
Copper(II) Carbonate is green
87
What colour Copper(II) salts in solution ?
Copper (II) salts are blue in solution
88
What colour is hydrated copper (II) sulfate
Hydrated copper (II) sulfate is blue
89
What happens in halogen displacement?
A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from a solution of it's ions
90
When does halogen displacement occur?
Halogen displacement occurs when a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from a solution of it's ions
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