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Religious Studies Exams > 18/05 Buddism Exam > Flashcards

18/05 Buddism Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is samsara?

A

Samsara describes the Buddhist cycle of life, death and rebirth and takes the form of the Tibetan wheel of life (bhavachakra).

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2
Q

What are two criticisms of samsara and the bhavachakra?

A
  • the diagram is only two dimensional and appears to have an order whereas the wheel is more like an endless web.
  • the diagram appears to be stationary when it is really always mobile.
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3
Q

What three things keep the bhavachakra spinning?

A
  • desire/greed (Moha)
  • hatred (raga)
  • ignorance (dosa)
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4
Q

What is Moha?

A

Greed (chicken)

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5
Q

What is raga?

A

Hatred (snake)

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6
Q

What is Dosa?

A

Ignorance (pig)

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7
Q

What did the Buddha say about past lives?

A

“If the bones of all the bodies from someone’s past lives piled up it would be higher than vulture park mountain.”

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8
Q

Define samsara?

A

The churning sea of cyclic existence in which beings are ceaselessly thrown about like tide-wrack.

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9
Q

What did the Buddha compare the probability of being born into the human realm to?

A

Buddha told the story of a one eyed turtle in an endless ocean. There is a yolk in this ocean and the likelihood of that turtle finding that one tiny yolk and breaking perfectly through it to the surface is how likely it is for souls to be reborn as human.

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10
Q

What does Snelling compare rebirth to?

A

Snelling compares rebirth to evolution because we come from bacteria, then fish, through animals and finally humans.

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11
Q

What do many modern buddhists believe about our DNA?

A

Many people believe that we have some kind of genetic memory or importing of past ancestral lives and experiences in our DNA.

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12
Q

What do modern buddhists say about samsara?

A

They believe that the 6 realms of the bhavachakra are not physical but psychological.

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13
Q

What are Buddhist teachings?

A

Dhamma.

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14
Q

What did the Buddha proclaim himself?

A

Tamâgata- the one who has attainted what is really so.

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15
Q

What does Tamâgata mean?

A

The one who has attained what is really so.

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16
Q

Define Arhat?

A

English tended beings who reached fulfillment through the help of the Buddha and teach under him.

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17
Q

Define Buddha?

A

A being enlightened by themselves.

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18
Q

How was the Buddha described?

A

It’s said that his manner was courteous and calm. However he has strong powers of persuasion and personal charisma.

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19
Q

What was controversial about the Buddha’s death?

A

He said he needed no replacement because he was not a leader and an equal yet he asked to be cremated and treated like a great kind, asked for offerings and devotion.

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20
Q

Buddha, apparently gained the ability to?

A

Buddha gained the ability to see his past lives and into the samsara “endless wondering” wheel.

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21
Q

What are the 6 realms of samsara?

A 
God's
Demigods
Humans
Animals
Hungry Ghosts
Hell
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22
Q

In what order are the realms of samsara?

A 
Devas
Asuras 
Manusya
Tiryag
Preta
Naraka
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23
Q

What is the deva realm?

A

God realm.

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24
Q

What is the asuras realm?

A

Demi-Gods.

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25
Q

What is the manusya realm?

A

Humans

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26
Q

What is the tiryag realm?

A

Animals.

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27
Q

What is the preta realm?

A

Hungry Ghosts.

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28
Q

What is the Naraka realm?

A

Hell.

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29
Q

Why do buddhists believe that the human realm is best?

A

The human realm is the best realm to reach enlightenment because IS has the middle way between pleasure and suffering.

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30
Q

What are Sañkhâras?

A

‘Mental formations’ that consist of character traits and dispositions.

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31
Q

What is the metaphor of planting a seed?

A

The idea of maturation through fruit is that when you plant a seed you must plant it well and good for you to be able to reap the good benefits which will be the seed.
Seed:Vipaka
Fruit: Phala.

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32
Q

What is Vipâka?

A

Seed.

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33
Q

What is Phala?

A

Fruit.

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34
Q

What is apunna?

A

Bad Karma.

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35
Q

What is puñña?

A

Good karma and spiritual capital.

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36
Q

How does Buddha explain our relative universe?

A

“Everything in the universe is produced by causes, and those causes must be related to their effects according to the law that LIKE produces like.”

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37
Q

What does Thurman say about Buddhism and science?

A

The science behind Buddhism relies and depends heavily on the buddha himself.

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38
Q

What proof did Stevenson find for past lives?

A

A 5 yo remembered the mechanics of machinery in a factor he’d never been to and said he worked there in a past life.

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39
Q

How can birthmarks prove past lives?

A

Birthmarks have been known to be in the shape of or place of a deadly injury that killed a past life.

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40
Q

What is the impermanence of all things?

A

Anicca.

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41
Q

What two types of Anicca are there?

A
  • the gross level of change: weather and location

- momentary change: subtle levels of constant flux.

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42
Q

What is suffering?

A

Dukkha.

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43
Q

What are the three types of dukes?

A
  • ordinary human suffering
  • suffering from change
  • suffering of controlled existence.
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44
Q

What is no self?

A

Anatta.

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45
Q

What’s the story of Nagasena and the chariot?

A

The Buddha told Nagasena that if he took apart his chariot it would no longer be a chariot but just a collection of different pieces.

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46
Q

What are the 5 aggregates?

A 
Material form: rupa
Feelings: vedana 
Perception: sanna
Mental Formations: sankhara
Consciousness: vinnana
47
Q

What is rupa?

A

Material form.

48
Q

What is Vedana?

A

Feelings.

49
Q

What is sanna?

A

Perception.

50
Q

What is sankhara?

A

Mental formations.

51
Q

What is vinnana?

A

Consciousness.

52
Q

What are the first 3 Nidanas?

A
  1. spiritual ignorance
  2. karmic dispositions
  3. consciousness
53
Q

What are the second 3 nidanas?

A
  1. embodied psychic identity
  2. six senses
  3. contact
54
Q

What are the third 3 nidanas?

A
  1. feeling and sensation
  2. thirst
  3. grasping
55
Q

What is the last 3 nidanas?

A
  1. becoming
  2. birth
  3. death
56
Q

What are the 5 khandas?

A

Matter, sensations, perceptions, will and consciousness.

57
Q

What are the 4 noble truths?

A
  1. dukka
  2. samudaya
  3. nirodha
  4. ariya magga.
58
Q

What is dukka?

A
  • initial suffering
  • ‘unsatisfactoriness’
  • an enlightened being does not suffer
  • when shot with an arrow there is two sufferings; physical pain and then the pain of loss.
59
Q

What is samudaya?

A
  • the root of all suffering

- thirst

60
Q

What three types of craving are there?

A
  1. craving of the senses
  2. craving of the self
  3. craving of the nonself
61
Q

What is Nirodha?

A
  • nirvana, heaven and nibanna
  • no suffering
  • enlightened
  • ineffable
62
Q

What does Cush say about Nirodha?

A

‘Even if we cannot imagine if, we can still know it is supremely important.’

63
Q

How did Nibanna come about?

A

The Brahma God came to Buddha to teach him the Dharma of Nirvana and told him to share his findings.

64
Q

When asked about reaching enlightenment, the Buddha said?

A

“I do not know the end to suffering without reaching the end of this world,”

65
Q

What did Harvey describe Nirodha as?

A

A radically transformed state of consciousness.

66
Q

What two types of enlightenment are there?

A

Pre-mortal and post-mortal.

67
Q

What is paranirvana?

A

Post mortal enlightenment.

68
Q

How is pre-mortal enlightenment defined?

A

No longer plagued by greed, hatred and ignorance and first nidanas.

69
Q

How is post-mortal enlightenment described?

A
  • ineffable
  • nirvana without reminder
  • blowing out of the flame
  • end of all suffering
  • described by what’s it’s not
  • either eternities or anhilism
70
Q

Who cannot reach enlightenment in this life?

A
  • if you murdered a parent or an arhat
  • mental obstructions
  • mental or physical defects
  • no faith in Buddha.
71
Q

What are the 10 fetters that bind someone into samsara?

A

1) belief in permanent individuality.
2) doubt
3) clinging to rituals
4) sensuality
5) viciousness
6) desire for eternal existence
7) desire for annihilation
8) pride
9) imitation
10) ignorance

72
Q

What are stream enterers?

A

People who have left belief in individualism, doubts and rituals.

73
Q

What are no-returners?

A

Those who have left behind individualism, doubt, rituals, sensuality and viciousness.

74
Q

What does the deer park sermon say about Nirvana?

A

“In brief, the five aggregates of attachment are suffering.”

75
Q

What is the eightfold path?

A

The 8 steps to follow to reach enlightenment.

76
Q

What are the 8 steps of the eightfold path?

A 
Right;
View
Intention
Speech
Action
Livelihood
Effort
Mindfulness
Concentration
77
Q

What is the Ariya Magga?

A

The middle way: the balance between happiness in pain and happiness in pleasure.

78
Q

How did the Buddha come to realise ariya magga?

A

“The string stretched, it breaks
…
The string slack is dumb.”

79
Q

What are the 4 signs the Buddha saw?

A
  • old man
  • sick man
  • dead body
  • ascetic holy man
80
Q

What did Rahula say the Buddha was?

A

The last physician.

81
Q

How is the Buddha referred to as a doctor?

A

You tell him your symptom; he says suffering is what’s wrong.
He says thirst is causing that and in order to be freed you must reach Nirvana and to do so follow the eightfold path.

82
Q

What did the Buddha say his teaching was?

A

“To avoid all evil, to do good, to purify the mind, that is the language of the Buddha.”

83
Q

How did The Buddha say Nirvana was?

A

“Nirvana is the path to purity.”

84
Q

What does Snelling say about Dukka?

A

“Dukka teaches that everything exists.”

85
Q

What does Prajna mean?

A

Wisdom

86
Q

What two steps of the eightfold path are wisdom?

A

Right view and right intention.

87
Q

What is sila?

A

Morality

88
Q

What three steps of the eightfold path are morality?

A

Right speech, right action and right livelihood.

89
Q

What is samadhi?

A

Concentration.

90
Q

What three steps of the eightfold path are concentration?

A

Right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration.

91
Q

What is Right view in Pali?

A

Dulthi.

92
Q

What is Right intention in Pali?

A

Sankappa.

93
Q

What is Right speech in Pali?

A

Vaka.

94
Q

What is Right action in Pali?

A

Kammanta.

95
Q

What is Right livelihood in Pali?

A

Ayivya.

96
Q

What is Right effort in Pali?

A

Vayama.

97
Q

What is Right mindfulness in Pali?

A

Sati.

98
Q

What is Right concentration in Pali?

A

Samadhi.

99
Q

What did the Buddha say when asked about his dharma?

A

“I teach suffering, it’s origin, cessation and path. That’s all I teach.”

100
Q

What did Buddha say when told Nirvana is unreachable?

A

“Turn away from mischief, again and again, turn away before sorrow befalls you,”

101
Q

What did Cush say about Nirvana?

A

“Some people take it to mean that we escape suffering in the sense of shooting a dying dog to end its suffering.”

102
Q

What is samsar?

A

“Samsara, the churning sea of cyclic existence.”

103
Q

What four things are dukka?

A

Birth, aging, sickness and death.

104
Q

How is dukka ended?

A

When you stop attaching to things.

105
Q

What does it say in the Dhammapada about Tanha?

A

“The end of craving is the end of sorrow.”

106
Q

What does Anicca teach?

A

Nothing is permanent.

107
Q

What does the dhammapada say about Anicca?

A

“The entire universe if fluid”

108
Q

What does Anatta teach?

A

There is nothing that makes you “you”, as everything that makes you you is always changing.

109
Q

What did Harvey say about Anatta?

A

“A ‘person’ is a collection of rapidly changing and interacting mental and physical processes.”

110
Q

What is Dukka Dukka?

A

Ordinary every day suffering.

111
Q

What is viparanama dukka?

A

Suffering from change.

112
Q

What is Sankhara dukka?

A

Existential suffering.

113
Q

What are the 4 Right efforts?

A
  • unwholesome state of mind stops
  • unwholesome state of mind doesnt exist
  • wholesome state of mind begins
  • wholesome state of mind continues.
114
Q

What are the 5 precepts?

A
  • don’t kill living beings
  • don’t take what is not given
  • don’t be sexually harmful
  • don’t lie or use words harmfully
  • -do not take drugs and alcohol.

Religious Studies Exams (3 decks)

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