1789-1795

Question 1

how France was divided by the national assembly

Answer 1

83 departments
547 districts
4872 cantons
44,000 municipalities

Question 2

voting system

Answer 2

vote for communes: men paying taxes over 3 days of wage and over 25 years old (4 million men, 61% of the population)
vote for cantons, departments, National Assembly: men paying taxes over 10 days of wage and over 25 years old (50,000)

stand for election: tax payment more than ordinary people

passive citizens: 3 million men + all women

Question 3

justice system

Answer 3

• Lettres de cachet, privileged courts, parlement removed
• Criminal court in each department, trail held in front of jury, anyone arrested is brought to court within 24 hours
• Abolish torture, execution by decapitation
• Equal treatment of everyone and rule of law applies to everyone

Question 4

tax

Answer 4

• contribution foncière (land tax for everyone who owned land), however this required assessment of who owned the land which was costly and time consuming. As a result, they just used the information from before
• contribution mobilière (tax on moveable goods paid by active citizens e.g. grain)
• pantante (tax on commercial profits)

Question 5

church

Answer 5

• Pluralism and tithes abolished, clergy would be paid by the state
• Monastic orders that did not provide education was banned
• Civil rights granted to Protestants in 1789 and Jews in 1791
• Rejected the Church’s wish to be self-governing in order to prevent clergy having privileges
• Refused to make Catholicis,, the official religion

Question 6

civil constitution of the clergy

Answer 6

issued in July 1790
by feb 1791: only 60% of priests and 3 bishops took the oath

Question 7

business and trade

Answer 7

October 1790: tariffs were abolished and a national market was created

The deputies removed any organisations that had privileges and restrictions regarding employment, thus careers were depended on talent

1791: guilds were abolished so that there would be no restriction on entering crafts. They also restricted the entry of people into certain trades in order to ensure that wages were be appropriate.

June 1791: Le Chapelier law due to 80,000 Parisian workers threatening a general strike if higher wages were not granted. This law forbade trade unions and employers’ organisations; strikes were also illegal. No one in the Assembly opposed this measure, and strikes remained illegal until 1864 and trade unions until 1884

an organisation was set up to help the poor, which was previously the Church’s responsibility. the organisation concluded that nearly 2 million people had to beg, but did not actually carry out any measures because they didn’t have enough money.