1774-1789 Flashcards

Question

3rd estate cahier

Answer 1

* Economic problems: poverty, high food prices * Poor political representation * Privileges of the 1st & 2nd Estate: fair legal system, fair taxation (e.g. reduction of gabelle, no taxes without the agreement of the Estates General) * Careers open to talent (e.g. high-ranking Church positions given to educated people rather than children of the nobility)

Answer 2

The liberals wanted form to some extent but not too radical. * Some tax reform: consensus needed from the E-G * Checks and balances of the King open to the public * Equality before the law The Conservatives were more neglected towards change. * Preserve the privileges * Taxation system to not change * Supportive of the monarchy but could also have a regular meeting E-G

Answer 3

Priests: regular pay and careers open to talents so they could get higher positions. Bishops wanted to hold onto their privileges and have control over education.

Answer 4

10 June: 3rd Estate declared they would verify the deputies’ credentials even if the other two estates rejected some clergy later joined the 3rd estate 17 June: voted to call themselves the National Assembly 19 June: all clergy voted to join the assembly => out of government's control

Answer 5

20 June they would not disperse until France had a constitution Only 1 person voted against this, showing the deputies were becoming increasingly radical.

Answer 6

23 June attended by all estates Louis. declared the previous actions of the 3rd Estate void and he would not allow the privileges of the nobility and clergy to be discussed in common some reforms offered: * No taxes imposed without the consent of the representatives of the nation * Abolishment of lettres de cachet * Introduce freedom of the press * Abolishment of internal customs barriers, gabelle and corvée => 3rd estate want more 27 June: allowed the nobles and clergy to join the 3rd Estate and vote by head late June: 4000 troops stationed around Paris

Answer 7

28 April 1789: riots at réveillon wallpaper factory due to fear that their wages would be reduced spring 1789: Duc d’Orléans opened a series of arcades, cafes, pleasure gardens to the public. It become a centre for rumour, debate and giving out pamphlets 14 July 1789: storming of the Bastille

Answer 8

250,000 sans-culottes obtained over 28,000 muskets, 20 cannon from Les Invalides by 14 July, 5 of the 6 battalions deserted killed 98 people during the process 10 July: citizen's militia 15 July: commune

Answer 9

20 July peasants arming themselves to defend against feudal power destroyed bread ovens, dovecots and winepresses because they were charged to use them in Dauphiné, 9 chateux were burnt continued until 6 aug

Answer 10

met on 4 aug published on 11 aug * Abolitions of serfdom (feudal rights on people), tithes, hunting rights, corveés, seigneurial courts, venal offices, provincial and municipal offices * All citizens to be taxed equally * Jobs based on talent (the Church, state, army)

Answer 11

published 26 aug

Answer 12

suspensory veto of 4 years on all laws except finance National Assembly have legislative power; king have executive power

Answer 13

It is sold to * Provide money for the State before a new and fairer tax system could be introduced * Guarantee the success of the revolution because those who bought Church lands would not want the Church to recover its lands, thus they would be interested in maintaining the revolutionary changes and prevent the restoration of the ancient regime * Clergy would have to support the new regime, as now the government pays the clergy - opportunity to allow religious liberty to Protestants , which further undermined the dominant position of the Catholic Church being the state church. By September, the government faced a financial crisis as it didn’t have enough tax revenue and unable to raise a loan 2 nov 1789: property owned by the Church officially nationalised, estimated to be 2000 million livres 19 dec: first assigns issued

Answer 14

4 October: Flanders regiment arrive in versailles, Louis has not accepted all decrees 5 October: 7,000 women marched to versailles demanded he accept the decrees and declaration and bread. The National Guard announced they would not shoot them. 6 October: crowd broke into the palace, killed 2 guards. family was escorted back to Paris by the National Assembly

Answer 15

silk in Nîmes and Lyons foreign trade with Atlantic ports profitable trading with Nantes in coffee Paris grew by 20%, Nantes by more than 100%, rapid growth in urban areas -> tension

Answer 16

gabelle, champart, taille,

Answer 17

prices rise by 65% 1726-1789, but wages by on 22% 75% of wages are going to bread

Answer 18

Wine crops either had low yields or too much-> financially damaging as peasants depended on crops to supplement their income Failure of fodder crops -> reduce in price of sale and slaughter of livestock Farmers only had small amounts of land which could only grow enough food for their families, but many still struggled Rent to landlords increased from 11.4 million in 1705 to 27.9 million in 1790 due to increase in population Woollen industry affected: poor harvest means peasants could not afford to buy pollen goods, so they could not produce anything -> industry declined and reduced work availability for spinners and weavers

Answer 19

Montesquieu criticised royal absolutism but argued the aristocracy should limit royal power, rather than the people Voltaire criticised the Catholic Church and religious intolerance, but believed religion was needed to preserve public morals and defend royal authority Rousseau suggested that a despotic monarch could be overthrown by their subjects and advanced the idea that sovereignty resided in the people rather than the King