175 (hypo) - 179 Flashcards
RFs for hypoglycaemia
IUGR preterm diabetic mom large for date hypothermic polycythemic ill
problem in IUGR and preterm for hypoglycaemia
low glycogen stores
how does gestational diabetes cause hypogly
hyperplasia of the islet cellsin the pancreas causes high
insulin levels
symptoms of hypoglycaemia in the preterm
jitteriness, irritability, apnoea, lethargy, drowsiness and seizures
how to prevent hypoglycaemia
frequent milk feeding
how to treat hypoglycaemia
IV glucose
what if the baby dosent respond to IV glucose
glucagon or hydrocortisone
what does a seizure look like in a child
rapid eye movement
change in respiration
clonic movement
urgent differentials for seizure
hypoglycaemia
meningitis
seizure 1st investigations
cerebral ultrasound- haemorrhage or cerebral malformation
which artery infarction may present with seizure
middle cerebral artery
when would you get a middle cerebral artery infaction seizure
12-48 hours
diagnosis of middle cerebral artery infarction
MRI
why do you get cleft lip
failure of fusion of the frontonasal and maxillary processes
why do you get cleft palate
failure of fusion of the palatine processes and the nasal septum
defects in pierre robin syndrome
micrognathia, posterior displacement of the
tongue and mid line cleft of the soft palate
micrognathia
small jaw
what causes oesophageal atresia usually
tracheo-oesophageal fistula
what is tracheo-oesophageal fistula caused by usually
polyhydramnios
presentation of oesophageal atresia
persistent salivation and drooling
coughing and choking on feeding
cyanotic episodes
what does VACTERL stand for
Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheo-oEsophageal, Renal and Radial Limb anomalies
small bowel obstruction presentation
persistent vomiting can be bile-stained
abdominal distension
where is the dividing line between bile stained and non bile stained vomit
ampulla of vater
would small bowel or large bowel obstrucions present first
small bowel
small bowel obstruction linked to downs
duodenal stenosis
some causes of small bowel obstruction
any atresia or stenosis
malrotation with volvulus
Meconium ileus
meconium plug
what is meconium lieus linked to
CF
investigations of small bowel obstruction
abdo xray
name a large bowel obstruction disease
Hirschsprung disease
what is the pathology in hirchsprung disease
Absence of the myenteric nerve plexus
hirchsprung disease presentation
no meconium
distension
Bile-stained vomiting is from ? ? until proved otherwise
intestinal obstruction
what is exomphalos/omphalocele
umbilical hernia covered with a transparent sac formed by the amniotic membrane and peritoneum
gastroschisis
bowel herniates adjacent to the umbilicus, and there is no covering sac
gastroschisis immediate treatment
wrapped in several layers of clingfilm to minimise fluid and heat loss
