17.2 ATP Synthesis Flashcards
How is ATP produced in both photosynthesis and repsiration
Is synthesised primarily by a process called Chemiosmosis
What does chemiosmosis involve
It involves the diffusion of protons from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane
The movement of protons down a concentration gradient allows what to happen during Chemiosmosis
The mover nod protons as they slow down a concentration gradient leases energy that is used in the attachment of an inorganic phosphate to ADP forming ATP
What does Chemiosmosis depend on
It depends on the creation of a proton concentration gradient. The energy to do this comes form high energy electrons (excited electrons
How are electrons raised to higher energy levels
- electrons present In pigment molecules are excited by absorbing light from the sun
- high energy electrons are released when chemical bonds are broken in respiratory substrate molecules
What is an electro transport chain made up of
A series of electron carriers each with progressively lower energy levels
How is the protons pumped across a membrane in a electro transport chain
High energy electrons move from one carrier in the chain to another which releases energy this is used to pump proton therefore. Protein gradient
How is the protein gradient maintained in a electron transport chain
Is maintained as a result if the impermeability of the membrane of hydrogen ions
How do protons move back through the membrane down their concentration gradient in a electron transport chain
Only way is through hydrophilic membrane channels linked to the enzyme atp synthase the flow of protons through these channels provide the energy used to synthesise atp
What is atp role in photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis - atp used to synthesis glucose and other organic organic molecules
Respiration - provides energy needed by metabolic processes and reactions essential to life
