17.1 Genetic Information

Question 1

Process by which DNA directs protein synthesis

Answer 1

Gene Expression

Question 2

Transcription & translation are the 2 stages of what?

Answer 2

Gene Expression

Question 3

A mouse fur color results from pigment formed by gene-encoded enzymes is an example of what?

Answer 3

Gene Expression

Question 4

Who suggested that genes dictate phenotypes via enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions?

Answer 4

Archibald Garrod

Question 5

What reflects an inability to synthesize a certain enzyme?

Answer 5

Symptoms of an inherited disease

Question 6

What is the process of synthesis and degrading of molecules in a series of steps called & where does it take place?

Answer 6

Metabolic pathways, cells

Question 7

What is the result of transcription?

Answer 7

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 8

The synthesis of RNA using information in DNA

Answer 8

Transcription

Question 9

Synthesis of a polypeptide, using information in the mRNA?

Answer 9

Translation

Question 10

Site of translation

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

What is the bridge between genes and proteins for which they code?

Answer 11

RNA

Question 12

When George Beadle and Edward Tatum exposed bread mold to X-rays, what did it create?

Answer 12

Mutants that were unable to survive on minimal media

Question 13

Each gene dictates production of a specific enzyme is what?

Answer 13

one gene-one enzyme

Question 14

Are the gene products proteins or polypeptides?

Answer 14

proteins

Question 15

When does translation of mRNA occur in prokaryotes?

Answer 15

Before transcription has finished

Question 16

What separates transcription from translation in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 16

Nuclear Envelope

Question 17

How are eukaryotic RNA transcripts modified?

Answer 17

Via RNA processing to yield the finished mRNA

Question 18

How many amino acids are there in DNA?

Answer 18

20

Question 19

How many nucleotide bases are in DNA?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

The initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing

Answer 20

Primary Transcript

Question 21

The concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command is called what?

Answer 21

Central Dogma

Question 22

What is the central dogma of cells?

Answer 22

DNA»>RNA»»Protein

Question 23

What is the flow of information from gene to protein based on?

Answer 23

Triplet Code

Question 24

A series of non-overlapping, three-nucleotide words

Answer 24

Triplet Code

Question 25

What are the words of a gene transcribed into?

Answer 25

Complementary non-overlapping three nucleotide words of mRNA

Question 26

Words are then translated into a chain of amino acids forming what?

Answer 26

Polypeptide

Question 27

Provides a template for ordering the sequence of complementary nucleotides in an RNA transcript.

Answer 27

Template Strand

Question 28

The mRNA base triplets that are read in the 5’»»3’ direction

Answer 28

Codons

Question 29

When did the 64 codons become deciphered?

Answer 29

Mid- 1960’s

Question 30

How many of the 64 codons code for amino acids?

Answer 30

61

Question 31

How many triplets are “stop” signals to end translation?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

Codons must be read in the correct ______?

Answer 32

reading frame

Question 33

Correct groupings

Answer 33

Reading frame

Question 34

What is produced if codons are read in the correct reading frame?

Answer 34

A specified polypeptide to be produced.

Question 35

Is the genetic code universal?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

Can genes be transcribed and translated after being transplanted from one species to another?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

The ability of genes from one species to be expressed in a different species is possible because which property of the genetic code?

Answer 37

The near universality of the genetic code