17.1 Genetic Information Flashcards
Process by which DNA directs protein synthesis
Gene Expression
Transcription & translation are the 2 stages of what?
Gene Expression
A mouse fur color results from pigment formed by gene-encoded enzymes is an example of what?
Gene Expression
Who suggested that genes dictate phenotypes via enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions?
Archibald Garrod
What reflects an inability to synthesize a certain enzyme?
Symptoms of an inherited disease
What is the process of synthesis and degrading of molecules in a series of steps called & where does it take place?
Metabolic pathways, cells
What is the result of transcription?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
The synthesis of RNA using information in DNA
Transcription
Synthesis of a polypeptide, using information in the mRNA?
Translation
Site of translation
Ribosomes
What is the bridge between genes and proteins for which they code?
RNA
When George Beadle and Edward Tatum exposed bread mold to X-rays, what did it create?
Mutants that were unable to survive on minimal media
Each gene dictates production of a specific enzyme is what?
one gene-one enzyme
Are the gene products proteins or polypeptides?
proteins
When does translation of mRNA occur in prokaryotes?
Before transcription has finished
What separates transcription from translation in eukaryotic cells?
Nuclear Envelope
How are eukaryotic RNA transcripts modified?
Via RNA processing to yield the finished mRNA
How many amino acids are there in DNA?
20
How many nucleotide bases are in DNA?
4
The initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing
Primary Transcript
The concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command is called what?
Central Dogma
What is the central dogma of cells?
DNA»>RNA»»Protein
What is the flow of information from gene to protein based on?
Triplet Code
A series of non-overlapping, three-nucleotide words
Triplet Code
