17.1

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Variant form of a gene. ex: A or a

Question 2

Gene Pool

Answer 2

Consists of all the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population.

Question 3

Allele Frequency

Answer 3

The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool, compared to the total number of alleles. ex: 16% of a population has homozygous black alleles.

Question 4

Evolution

Answer 4

In genetic terms involves a change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time.

Natural selection operates on individual organisms, but the changes show up in a population as a whole.

Question 5

Genetic Variation

Answer 5

Mutation, Genetic Recombination during sexual reproduction, and lateral gene transfer

Question 6

Mutation

Answer 6

Change genetic material of a cell. Some mutations involve changes with individual genes. Neutral mutations do not change an organism’s phenotype. Most mutations are neutral and we are born with about 300 mutations. Some are harmful and some are beneficial, But they are only important if they get passed on.

Question 7

Genetic Recombination

Answer 7

Most differences are not due to mutations, but genetic recombination. Crossing over is a way and it involves chromosomes swapping DNA lengths at random.

Question 8

Lateral Gene Transfer

Answer 8

Organisms transfer genes one individual to another. LGT can occur between organisms of the same species or organisms of different species. Passing of genes from organism to another that isn’t the offspring is LTG. This can increase variation and an organism can pick up new genes.

Question 9

Single Gene Trait

Answer 9

A trait controlled by only one gene.

The number of phenotypes available is due to the number of genes that control the trait.

Question 10

Polygenic Traits

Answer 10

Many traits are controlled by two or more genes and are called polygenic traits. Gene of polygenic trait contains two or more alleles.

example: height in humans.