17. Skin inflammation Flashcards
Langerhans cells are in which layer of the skin?
Epidermis
Langerhans cell is what type of cells?
Dendritic cell
Function of langerhans cell x2
Picks up antigen that enters skin - transport to lymph node
Presents antigen to CD4+ T-helper cell
Th17 is in excess in what skin condition?
Psoariasis
Th2 is in excess in what skin condition?
Eczema
Four signs of acute inflammation are?
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Acute inflammation of a region can result in?
Loss of function in that region
Urticaria is mediated via what cell type?
MAST cell mediated
Urticaria is also known as?
Hives
Antigen presenting cells result in the production of which Th lymphocytes in inflammation?
Th2
Th2 lymphocytes result in the release of which two interleukins?
IL4
IL5
Which Ig attaches to MAST cells in inflammation?
IgE
Which cells produce IgE in inflammation?
B cells
Action of MAST cells in inflammation? x2
Activation of eosinophils
Release of e.g. histamine
Action of eosinophils in inflammation?
Release of granulocytes - pro-inflammatory factors are released
Which cells are already sensitised when there is a second exposure to an allergen?
MAST cells
Four things that are released from activated MAST cells when an allergen is inhaled?
Histamine
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Platelet aggregating factor
Function of MAST cells x3
Recruitment and activation of most WBCs
Maintenance of tight junctions
Degradation of endogenous toxic mediators
Activation of MAST cells has what effect on the bronchi?
Bronchoconstriction - histamines
Effect of histamine on smooth muscle?
Smooth muscle contraction
Consequences of the lack of histamine on smooth muscle? x2
Vessel leakage
Oedema
Effect of histamine on arteries?
Arteriole dilatation
Immune response modulated by histamine via which receptors?
H2
What is the component investigated when measuring allergies to dust mites?
Der P1
Function of Der P1
Breaks down components of tight junctions - helps to cross the mucosa
Anaphylaxis differs in terms of histamine release how?
Local histamine release - allergy
General histamine release - anaphylaxis
Main problem occurring in pemphigus vulgaris?
Loss of layer of keratinocytes of the epidermis of the skin
What is allergic contact dermatitis?
Mast cells become sensitised to an allergen e.g. cheap metal in earrings
Two mediators involved in allergic contact dermatitis are?
IL-2
IFN-gamma
Main cell released in allergic contact dermatitis is?
Macrophages
Granulomas are formed most commonly in which condition?
TB
Cells involved in granuloma formation in e.g. TB are? x2
Macrophages (giant) Langerhans cells (giant)
Granuloma formation - macrophages change to become?
Histocytic macrophages - fuse to form giant cells
Hardened and purple nose in a patient is indicative of what skin condition?
Lupus pernio
Lupus vulgaris is caused as a result of what infection?
TB
Lupus vulgaris presents as what?
Apple jelly appearance
Alopecia areata hair regrowth is what colour?
White
Characteristic feature of alopecia areata is?
Hairs look like exclamation marks
What type of skin condition is vitiligo?
Autoimmune
Autoimmune vitiligo - against what cells?
Melanocytes
