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Year 2 Loco > 17. Skin inflammation > Flashcards

17. Skin inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Langerhans cells are in which layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

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2
Q

Langerhans cell is what type of cells?

A

Dendritic cell

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3
Q

Function of langerhans cell x2

A

Picks up antigen that enters skin - transport to lymph node

Presents antigen to CD4+ T-helper cell

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4
Q

Th17 is in excess in what skin condition?

A

Psoariasis

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5
Q

Th2 is in excess in what skin condition?

A

Eczema

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6
Q

Four signs of acute inflammation are?

A

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain

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7
Q

Acute inflammation of a region can result in?

A

Loss of function in that region

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8
Q

Urticaria is mediated via what cell type?

A

MAST cell mediated

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9
Q

Urticaria is also known as?

A

Hives

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10
Q

Antigen presenting cells result in the production of which Th lymphocytes in inflammation?

A

Th2

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11
Q

Th2 lymphocytes result in the release of which two interleukins?

A

IL4

IL5

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12
Q

Which Ig attaches to MAST cells in inflammation?

A

IgE

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13
Q

Which cells produce IgE in inflammation?

A

B cells

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14
Q

Action of MAST cells in inflammation? x2

A

Activation of eosinophils

Release of e.g. histamine

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15
Q

Action of eosinophils in inflammation?

A

Release of granulocytes - pro-inflammatory factors are released

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16
Q

Which cells are already sensitised when there is a second exposure to an allergen?

A

MAST cells

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17
Q

Four things that are released from activated MAST cells when an allergen is inhaled?

A

Histamine
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Platelet aggregating factor

18
Q

Function of MAST cells x3

A

Recruitment and activation of most WBCs
Maintenance of tight junctions
Degradation of endogenous toxic mediators

19
Q

Activation of MAST cells has what effect on the bronchi?

A

Bronchoconstriction - histamines

20
Q

Effect of histamine on smooth muscle?

A

Smooth muscle contraction

21
Q

Consequences of the lack of histamine on smooth muscle? x2

A

Vessel leakage

Oedema

22
Q

Effect of histamine on arteries?

A

Arteriole dilatation

23
Q

Immune response modulated by histamine via which receptors?

A

H2

24
Q

What is the component investigated when measuring allergies to dust mites?

A

Der P1

25
Q

Function of Der P1

A

Breaks down components of tight junctions - helps to cross the mucosa

26
Q

Anaphylaxis differs in terms of histamine release how?

A

Local histamine release - allergy

General histamine release - anaphylaxis

27
Q

Main problem occurring in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Loss of layer of keratinocytes of the epidermis of the skin

28
Q

What is allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Mast cells become sensitised to an allergen e.g. cheap metal in earrings

29
Q

Two mediators involved in allergic contact dermatitis are?

A

IL-2

IFN-gamma

30
Q

Main cell released in allergic contact dermatitis is?

A

Macrophages

31
Q

Granulomas are formed most commonly in which condition?

A

TB

32
Q

Cells involved in granuloma formation in e.g. TB are? x2

A 
Macrophages (giant)
Langerhans cells (giant)
33
Q

Granuloma formation - macrophages change to become?

A

Histocytic macrophages - fuse to form giant cells

34
Q

Hardened and purple nose in a patient is indicative of what skin condition?

A

Lupus pernio

35
Q

Lupus vulgaris is caused as a result of what infection?

A

TB

36
Q

Lupus vulgaris presents as what?

A

Apple jelly appearance

37
Q

Alopecia areata hair regrowth is what colour?

A

White

38
Q

Characteristic feature of alopecia areata is?

A

Hairs look like exclamation marks

39
Q

What type of skin condition is vitiligo?

A

Autoimmune

40
Q

Autoimmune vitiligo - against what cells?

A

Melanocytes

Year 2 Loco (31 decks)

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