1.7 - simple equilibria and acid-base reactions Flashcards
Definition - dynamic equilibrium
when the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate
Definition - reversible reactions
a reaction that can go in the other directions depending on the conditions
Factors affecting equilibrium position
> change in concentration
change in pressure
change in temperature
Le Chatelier’s principle
States that if a system in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to change in conditions the position of equilibrium shifts to minimise the change and to restore equilibrium.
Effect of change in concentration
[] increases - shifts to side where[] decreases
Effect of change in pressure
P increases - shifts to side of least gas moles
Effects of change in temperature
T increases - shifts to endothermic direction
Effect of catalyst
> speeds up a chemical reaction
increase the rate of forward and backward reaction to same extent
no effects on equilibrium
Equilibrium constant
Kc = (C)c(D)d/(A)a(B)b
Products(top line)
Reactants (bottom line)
Value more than 1 = more products than reactants in equilibrium
Value less than 1 = more reactants than products
pH equation
-log(concentration H+)
