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A and P Exam 2 > 17 Muscles For Class > Flashcards

17 Muscles For Class Flashcards

1
Q

Functional Groups

A
  1. Prime Movers

Provide the major force for producing a specific movement

  1. Antagonists

Oppose or reverse a particular movement

  1. Synergists - help the prime mover

add force to movement

reduce undesirable or unnecessary movement

  1. Fixator

Synergists that immobilize a bone or muscle’s origin

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2
Q

Naming Skeletal Muscles

A
  1. Location
  2. Shape
  3. Relative size
  4. Direction of fibers or fascicles
  5. Number of origins
  6. Location of attachments
  7. Action
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3
Q

Muscles of the posterior view

A
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4
Q

2 Groups of Muscles in the Head

A
  1. Muscles of facial expression
  2. Muscles of mastication and tongue movement
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5
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

Where are they inserted?

Why are they important?

How are they innervated?

A

Insert into the skin

Important in nonverbal communication

All innervated by cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

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6
Q

What is Epicranius (occipitofontalis)?

A

Bipartite muscle consisting of

frontalis

occiptalis

galea aponeurotica - cranial aponeurosis connecting above muscles

The two muscles have alternate actions of pulling the scalp forward and backward

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7
Q

What is the frontalis?

Where does it orginate and insert?

What does it do?

A
  1. Covers forehead, no boney attachments

Origin-cranial aponeurosis

Insertion - skin of eyebrows, root of nose

Action: raises eyebrows

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8
Q

Orbicularis oris

Where is it?

Origin and insertion?

Action?

A

Encircles the mouth

Origin-maxilla and mandible

Insertion - muscles and skin at the angles of the mouth

Action - closes mouth, purses, and protrudes the lips

Kissing and whistling muscle

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9
Q

Buccinator

Where is the origin?

Where is the insertion?

What does it do?

A

Origin - molar region of maxilla and mandible

Insertion - orbicularis oris

Action - hold food between teeth when chewing, compresses cheeks as in whistling

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10
Q

Muscles of Mastication and Tongue Movement

Which two go together?

Name all 4

A

Four pairs involved in mastication

Prime movers of closure

Temporalis and masseter

Grinding movements

Medial and lateral pterygoids

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11
Q

Masseter

Origin, insertion, action

A

Origin - zygomatic arch and maxilla

Insertion - mandible

Action - elevates the mandible

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12
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin, insertion, action

A

Origin - sternum and clavicle

Insertion - mastoid process of temporal bone

Action - major head flexion

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13
Q

What are the Deltoids?

Origin, insertion, action

A

Rounded top of shoulder, commonly used for injections

Origin - clavicle and scapula

Insertion - deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action

prime mover of arm abduction (if all fibers contract)

flexion and medial rotation of humerus (if anterior portion is active)

extension and lateral rotation of humerous (if posterior fibers only active)

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14
Q

Biceps Brachi

Origin, insertion, action

A

Origin - scapula 2 locations short head coracoid process, long head glenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion - into radial tuberosity

Action: flexes elbow, supinates forearm

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15
Q

Triceps Brachii

Origin, insertion, action

A

Large fleshy muscle, only muscle of posterior arm, 3 heads so 3 origins

Origin - scapula and 2 locations on posterior shaft of humerus

Insertion - olecranon process of ulna

Action: prime mover of forearm extension

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16
Q

Pectoralis Major

Origin, insertion, action

A

Fan shaped muscle covering anterior chest

Origin - clavicle, sternum cartilage of ribs 1 - 6

Insertion - humerus

Action - prime mover of arm flexion, rotates arm medially, aducts arm against resistance

17
Q

Muscles of the Thorax

What do they do?

Where are they

A

Muscles of respiration

External intercostals - more superficial muscles that elevate ribs for inspiration

Internal intercostals - deeper muscles that aid forced expiration

Diaphragm

Partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities

Most important muscle in inspiration

Innervated by phrenic nerves

18
Q

External intercostals

Origin, insertion, action

A

11 pairs of these muscles lie between the ribs

Origin - inferior border of the rib above

Insertion - superior border of rib below

Action - elevates rib cage by pulling each rib toward each other aids the diaphragm in inspiration

19
Q

Muscles of the abdominal wall

A

Internal obliques

External obliques

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

20
Q

Rectus abdominus

Purpose, origin, insertion, action

A

Covers the abdomen - six pack muscle

Origin - pubic crest and symphysis

Insertion - xiphoid process of sternum and costal cartilage of ribs 5 - 7

Action - flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column, compresses abdomen, stabilizes the pelvis during walking

21
Q

External Obliquies

A

Most superficial of the lateral abdominal muscles, run the directions of your fingers if you were placing your hands in your pockets

Origin - lower 8 ribs

insertion - iliac crest and linea alba

Action - flex verebral column and compress abdomen

22
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Thorax

A

Trapezius

Levator scapulae

Rhomoids (major and minor)

Latissimus dorsi

23
Q

Trapezius

Posterior trunk, triangular

Origin - occipital bone, spinous process of cervical vertebrae 7 and all thoracic vertebrae

Insertion - clavicle and scapula

Action - stabilizes, raises, rotates, and retracts the scapula (shrugs shoulders)

A
24
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Muscle of lower back

Origin - iliac crest, T7 sacrum, lower 8-12 ribs

Insertion - humerus

Action - prime mover of arm extension, adduction and medial rotation

25
Q

Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joint

A

Most anterior muscles flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee (foreswing of walking)

Most Posterior muscles extend the thigh and flex the leg (backswing of walking)

Medial muscles all adduct the thigh

All three groups are enclosed by the facia lata

26
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Buttocks

Origin - illium, sacum, and coccyx

Insertion - femur

Action - major extensor of the thigh, laterally rotates and abducts the thigh

27
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Anterior thigh, rectus - straight

One of the 4 quadricepts muscle group

Only one to cross the hip joint

Origin - illium and acetabulum

Insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity

Action - extends the knee and flexes the hip

28
Q

Gastrocnemus

A

Posterior calf, part of the triceps surae group which includes the soleus muscle, come together to form the achilles tendon, largees tendon in the body

Origin - femur - 2 heads from medial and lateral condyles

Insertion - calcaneus

Action - plantar flexes the foot when knee extended and flexes knee when foot is dorsiflexed

29
Q

Which muscles make the achilles tendon?

A

Triceps surae group

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

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A and P Exam 2 (3 decks)

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