17 - Interstitial/Acute lung injury cases Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 causes of lacrimal gland swelling?

A
  1. infectious (bacterial, viral, TB, syphilis, mumps)
  2. inflammatory (sarcoid, pseudotumor)
  3. malignancy (solid tumor, leukemia)
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2
Q

What is a major lung disorder that does NOT cause finger clubbing?

A

Emphysema/COPD

**if you see clubbing in COPD think lung cancer

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3
Q

What are some causes of finger clubbing?

A
  • lung disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis, lung cancer)
  • heart disease (e.g. cardiac shunt, bacterial endocarditis)
  • cirrhosis of the liver
  • inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn’s)
  • congenital clubbing
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4
Q

Contrast obstructive and restrictive PFT results

A
  • obstructive= cannot get air OUT but have plenty of it in your chest
    • FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%
  • restricted= can get air out but you have LESS in your chest than normal
    • FEV1 and FVC reduced but ratio > 70%
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5
Q

What is the mnemonic for causes of restrictive lung disease?

A

PAINT:

  • Pleural
  • Abdomen (diaphragm pushed up)
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • Neuromuscular
  • Thoracic abnormality (kyphosis)
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6
Q

What could cause an elevated residual volume?

A

Obstructive lung disease or neuromuscular weakness

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7
Q

What does this chest xray show?

A

“Potato nodes” of sarcoid stage I

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8
Q

What is the mnemonic for interstitial infiltrates?

A

SAFE PITCH (use when scratchy CXR)

  • Sarcoid
  • Asbestosis
  • Fungal
  • Eosinophil granuloma (langerhans cell histiocytosis)
  • Pharmacia (drugs)
  • Interstitial lung disease (pulm fibrosis most common)
  • Tumor/TB
  • Collagen vascular disease (SLE, rheumatoid arthritis)
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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9
Q

What does this image show?

A

Non-caseating granuloma consistent with sarcoidosis

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10
Q

What does this chest xray show?

A

Sarcoid stage II (hilar adenopathy + scratchy infiltrate)

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11
Q

What does this chest xray show?

A

Sarcoid stage III (more scratchy infiltrate, no nodes)

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12
Q

What does this chest xray show?

A

Sarcoid stage IV (BAD fibrosis, may need transplant)

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13
Q

What does this chest xray show?

A

“Fluffy” alveolar infiltrate

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14
Q

What is the mnemonic for alveolar infiltrates?

A

PC PIE “pecan pie” (use when fluffy CXR)

  • Pus
  • Cells (blood, eosinophils, tumor)
  • Protein
  • Inflammatory
  • Edema (cardiogenic/increased hydrostatic pressure or non-cardiogenic/increased permeability)
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15
Q

What are the 4 types of respiratory failure?

A
  • type I= hypoxemic (PaO2 < 60)
  • type II= hypercapnic (PaCO2 > 45)
  • type III= perioperative respiratory failure
  • type IV= shock
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16
Q

What are the berline definititions of mild, moderate, and severe ARDS?

A
17
Q

What does this chest xray show?

A

“Sail sign” of left lower lobe collapse

18
Q

What are the 3 main etiologies of atelectasis?

A
  1. obstructive (mucus plug, mass)
  2. non-obstructive (effusion/fluid, pnemothorax/air, ARDS)
  3. post-operative (diaphragm takes several days to fully recover from anesthesia and surgery)
19
Q

Describe the progression of acute ventilatory failure

A
  1. disease onset
  2. alveolar hyperventilation
  3. acute ventilatory failure
20
Q

What therapy can help a patient with atelectasis?

A

CPAP mask (positive pressure to open lungs)