(17)Inherited change

Question 1

genotype

Answer 1

genetic constitution of an organism

Question 2

phenotype

Answer 2

observable or biochemical characteristics of an organism. the result of the interaction between the genotype and the environment

Question 3

alleles

Answer 3

one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene

Question 4

gene

Answer 4

a length of DNA (sequence of nucleotide bases)

Question 5

nucleotide

Answer 5

complex chemicals made up of an organic base, sugar and phosphate. Make up nucleic acids that then make DNA and RNA

Question 6

locus

Answer 6

position of a gene on a particular DNA molecule

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

a structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of living cells carrying genetic info in the form of genes

Question 8

heterozygous

Answer 8

condition in which the alleles of a particular gene are different

Question 9

homologous

Answer 9

a pair of chromosomes (one maternal and one paternal) that have the same loci and determine the same features

Question 10

dominant

Answer 10

an allele that is always expressed in the phenotype of an organism

Question 11

recessive

Answer 11

the effect of an allele is apparent in the phenotype of a diploid organism only in the presence of another identical allele

Question 12

homozygous dominant

Answer 12

a homozygous organism with 2 dominant alleles

Question 13

diploid

Answer 13

cells in which the nucleus contains 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 14

homozygous recessive

Answer 14

an organism with 2 recessive alleles

Question 15

haploid

Answer 15

cells where the nucleus contains one set of chromosomes

Question 16

co-dominant

Answer 16

when 2 alleles both contribute to the phenotype making the phenotype a blend of 2 features

Question 17

multiple alleles

Answer 17

when a gene has more than 2 allelic forms

Question 18

mutation

Answer 18

a sudden change in the amount or arrangement of genetic info in the cell

Question 19

what is the basic law of genetics (the law of segreagtion)

Answer 19

in diploid organisms, characteristics are determined by alleles that occur in pairs. Only one of each pair of alleles can be present in a single gamete.