17 Glaucoma Williams Flashcards
What are the two first choice classes for Glaucoma?
Prostaglandin Analogs or B-Blocking Agents
When are Prostaglandin Analogs usually dosed?
QHS
What is the primary indication for Prostaglandin Analogs?
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
When are Prostaglandin Analogs contraindicated?
Closed Angle Glaucoma
What are some of the Prostaglandin Analogs used?
TafluPROST, BimatoPROST, LatanaPROST, TravoPROST, UnoPROSTone
What are the more common ADRs with Prostaglandin Analogs?
Burning, dry eyes, itching. Increased length of eyelashes. Iris pigmentation. Conjunctival hyperemia (Tafluprost)
How often are B-Blocking Agents usually dosed?
Typically given Q12h
What are the B-1 Selective agents usually used?
LevobetaxOLOL (Betaxon), BetaxOLOL (Betoptic)
What are the Non-Selective B-Blocking Agents used?
CarteOLOL, LevobunOLOL, MetipranOLOL, TimOLOL
How do the alpha/beta Agonists work?
Increased outflow through trabecular meshworks
What are the alpha/beta Agonists used?
Dipivefrin (Propine) given Q12h, not very effective
How do alpha-2-Adrenergic Agonists work?
Decrease aqueous production
What are the alpha-2-Adrenergic Agonists used?
ApracloNIDINE (Iopidine), BrimoNIDINE (Alphagan)
How do Cholinergic Agents work?
Increase trabecular outflow
What are the Cholinergic agents used?
Pilocarpine, Carbachol, Echothiophate
What are the best agents for lowing IOP?
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
When are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors usually used?
3rd line. Prostaglandin or B-blocker first line, then combo, then this
What is the better route for Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors administration?
Topical less effective than oral (but oral can cause acidosis, diuresis, or hyperuricemia)
What are the Oral Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors used?
Methazolamide (most common), Acetazolamide
What are the sol/susp Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors used?
Brinzolamide, Dorzolamide
What drug has a high risk of potentiating Glaucoma?
Corticosteroids
