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Exotics Medicine > 17: Bird and reptile anaesthesia > Flashcards

17: Bird and reptile anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Why is any period of apnea a concern in birds?

A

Low functional residual capacity

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2
Q

Which positions are not good for birds for long periods?

A

Dorsal or ventral recumbency

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3
Q

Why can fasting debilitate birds?

A

Poor glycogen storage, esp in liver disease

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4
Q

Above what PCV does a bird need fluids?

A

55%

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5
Q

For how long do you need to fast birds?

A

Until crop is empty - 2-3 hours in large parrots, overnight in birds of prey

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6
Q

What can you give birds for a pre-med for minor procedures and diagnostics?

A

Ketamine with diazepam or midazolam

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7
Q

Why do you not give birds atropine or glyco?

A

Makes mucus thicker so risk of obstruction

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8
Q

Why don’t you put birds in an induction chamber?

A

Will flap

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9
Q

Which circuits can you use for birds?

A

Ayres T piece or Bain

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10
Q

Why don’t you use a cuffed tube in birds?

A

Complete tracheal rings

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11
Q

How can you intubate a bird if operating on the head?

A

Abdominal air sac cannulation

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12
Q

How can you monitor bird HR?

A

Doppler or oesophageal stethoscope

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13
Q

What can still happen to birds even if well oxygenated?

A

Hypercapnic

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14
Q

What is bird body temp?

A

39-41

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15
Q

When do you remove the ET tube in birds?

A

Once jaw tone present

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16
Q

How soon should you offer birds food or water?

A

Immediately

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17
Q

For how long should you keep birds at a high ambient temp?

A

Until signs of hyperthermia

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18
Q

What happens to drug metabolism if a reptiles temp drops?

A

Also decreases

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19
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate in chelonia?

A

Just behind the larynx

20
Q

Why do chelonia have poor lung perfusion if apneic?

A

Incomplete ventricular septum

21
Q

Do you need to starve herbivores?

A

No

22
Q

How long do you starve insectiores?

A

18-24h

23
Q

How long do you starve carnivores?

A

2-7 days

24
Q

What can atropine cause in reptiles?

A

Ileus

25
Q

What can happen if you make a lizard or snake instead of a chamber?

A

Apnea

26
Q

How long can chelonia hold their breath?

A

45 mins

27
Q

What are the problems with using ketamine?

A

Painful, variable response, long recovery, care if dehydrated or renal impairment

28
Q

What can you add to reduce the ketamine dose?

A

Diazepam or midazolam

29
Q

How soon is IV propofol effective?

A

A few mins

30
Q

Why do chelonia need IPPV?

A

Resp movements are by voluntary muscle

31
Q

How can you avoid overinflation in reptiles?

A

Moving legs

32
Q

How fast is a good recovery in chelonia?

A

30 minutes

33
Q

Why is it hard to kill a chelonia under anaesthesia?

A

Resistant to hypoxia

34
Q

For how long do chelonia need assisted breathing?

A

Until breathing atmospheric on own, otherwise no CO2 stimulus to breath

35
Q

What can you give chelonia if they are having a long recovery?

A

Fluids, keep warm, monitor

36
Q

What are reptiles very prone to following injection?

A

Injection site abscess

37
Q

What can happen to chamaeleons after fluoroquinolone injection?

A

Pigmentation

38
Q

Which vein do you use for IV in snakes?

A

Ventral coccygeal, not heart, R jugular bigger

39
Q

Which vein do you use in lizards?

A

Ventral coccygeal (beware autotomy), central coelomic can cause haemorrhage, can do cut-down to reach vein

40
Q

Which vein do you use in chelonia?

A

Jugular or subcarapacial

41
Q

Which bones can you use for IO?

A

Humerus, tibia, femur, caudal pillar in chelonia

42
Q

What is a complication of intracoelomic injection?

A

Can reduce resp movements

43
Q

What are NOT humane methods of euthanase?

A

Freezing, decapitation (as CNS can still be aware of painful stimuli as resistant to hypoxia)

44
Q

What are signs of death in reptiles?

A

No heartbeat for 5 minutes on Doppler over common carotid, no movement, absent reflexes, autolysis (so come back next day)

45
Q

How do you euthanise a small reptile?

A

Gas then barbiturate

46
Q

How do you euthanise a large snake or reptile?

A

IM ketamine overdose then barbiturate

47
Q

How do you euthanise a tortoise?

A

IV barbiturate

Exotics Medicine (11 decks)

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