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Exotics Medicine > 14/15/16: Reptile medicine and surgery > Flashcards

14/15/16: Reptile medicine and surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is required to import an tortoise?

A

CITES certificate and microchip

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2
Q

Why must you feed tortoises in the morning?

A

Hide in a bush in the hottest part of the day

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3
Q

What triggers hibernation in tortoises?

A

Photoperiod, not temperature

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4
Q

How must tortoises enter hibernation?

A

Fully hydrated with an empty stomach and small intestine

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5
Q

What is hibernation in reptiles called?

A

Brumation

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6
Q

WHich species should always be barrier nursed?

A

Tortoise

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7
Q

What should tortoises have over their clavicle??

A

A fat pad

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8
Q

How do you restrain a tortoises head?

A

Behind neck

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9
Q

What does yellow in a tortoises mouth mean?

A

Anaemia, not jaundice

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10
Q

Where can you ballot eggs?

A

The prefemoral fossa

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11
Q

How should you use the Jackson ratio?

A

With clinical judgement

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12
Q

Which housing system mainly gets dehydration?

A

Closed vivaria with heat 24h a day

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13
Q

What should you do with all hospitalised tortoises?

A

Bathe

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14
Q

When is the only time you should worm a tortoise?

A

With evidence, and not during winter and worms don’t produce eggs at this time

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15
Q

When does fenbendazole give tortoises side effects?

A

If debilitated

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16
Q

How should you give tortoises fenbendazole?

A

By stomach tube

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17
Q

Where should you make sure Profender (topical cat wormer) doesn’t get on a tortoise?

A

In the eye

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18
Q

What does a tortoise in pain look like?

A

Increased activity, walking tall, tiptoes

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19
Q

How long after hibernation should a tortoise eat?

A

2-3 days

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20
Q

What happens to a tortoise during hibernation?

A

Slowly uses fluid, uses up energy stores and fat soluble vitamins, may get stomatitis.

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21
Q

When does hibernation take a worse toll?

A

If incorrect temperature - should be 5-8 degrees

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22
Q

What is the basic protocol for a tortoise after hibernation?

A

Bathe twice daily, oral rehydration until urates passed, herbivore syringe feed

23
Q

How long should stomach tube be for a tortoise?

A

Gular notch to abdominal hinge

24
Q

What has happened if a tortoise regurgitates after tube feeding?

A

It is not through the cardiac sphincter

25
Q

What is often the cause of LRT disease in tortoises?

A

Lung abscess rather than generalised

26
Q

Which view do you take to see tortoise lungs?

A

Cr-Cd, not DV

27
Q

How do you inject a tortoise?

A

Clean skin very well, and hold it shut after

28
Q

What is the first sign of resp disease in a tortoise?

A

Blowing bubbles

29
Q

Which antibiotic should not be injected in tortoises?

A

Enrofloxacin

30
Q

How do you treat tortoise ear abscesses?

A

Suture, or fenestrate and flush

31
Q

Where are reptile jugulars?

A

3 and 9 oclock

32
Q

Where else can you take blood in a tortoise?

A

Sub-carapacial sinus (bend needle and go midline)

33
Q

What’s a problem with using the subcarapacial sinus?

A

Can dilute with lymph

34
Q

What do you check for in generalised oedema in a tortoise?

A

Could just be an obese Horsefield’s. Or heart failure, renal disease, hypoproteinaemia,

35
Q

Why can you not give a tortoise diuretics?

A

No loops of Henle

36
Q

What do you do with a tortoise that fell in a pond?

A

Doppler for heartbeat, fluids, antibiotics, NSAIDs, pneumonia, KCS

37
Q

What happens if a tortoise eats too many buttercups?

A

Liver disease

38
Q

Which lizards can use their tail?

A

Any

39
Q

What do lizards have in their abdomen?

A

Fat bodies

40
Q

Which snake species don’t eat well in captivity?

A

Royal/Ball pythons

41
Q

Which type of snake can get aggressive?

A

Burmese python

42
Q

What are some causes of anorexia in snakes?

A

Stress, wrong temp, parasites, resp disease

43
Q

In which snake species can anorexia be seasonal?

A

Adult corn snake males

44
Q

Where can roundworms live in snakes?

A

In the stomach (and come out of the mouth!)

45
Q

What do snake mites look like?

A

Black dots under scales, around eyes, corner of mouth

46
Q

How do you treat snake mites?

A

Wipe fipronil spray on the snake, clean vivarium by putting it in the oven for 30 minutes

47
Q

What is the priority when treating burns?

A

Analgesia

48
Q

What can be long term problems with burns in snakes?

A

Scarring and sloughing problems

49
Q

Which snakes commonly get resp disease?

A

Pythons and boas when temperature too low

50
Q

What do snakes with resp disease look like?

A

Anorexia, bubbles in mouth, leans against sides of vivarium

51
Q

How far down the snake is its stomach?

A

1/3

52
Q

What happens to snake cilia if anorexic?

A

Lose them

53
Q

How do you tube feed a snake?

A

Keep it vertical, lots of lube, don’t use a rigid tube or it will come out the side of the neck!!

Exotics Medicine (11 decks)

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