Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMMUNOLOGY: CMOD-Block 2 > (17) Autoimmune Diseases > Flashcards

(17) Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

Immunity that is specific for self-determinants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is molecular mimicry?

A

Autoimmune disease caused because body molecule and pathogen molecule are very similar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T or F: there are no autoimmune diseases that involve IgE

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What fail safes are in place to prevent us from producing autoimmune responses?

A
  1. Negative Selection in the Bone Marrow and Thymus
  2. Expression of tissue Specific proteins in the thymus
  3. No lymphocytes can access some tissues
    - e.g Cornea and Testes
  4. Suppression of Autoimmune Responses by Treg cells
  5. Induction of anergy in autoreactive B and T cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What autoimmune diseases interfere with function of:

  • Thyroid Gland
  • Andrenal Gland

**What cell mediates these diseases?

A

Thyroid Gland: B CELL MEDIATED

  • Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
  • Grave’s Disease
  • Subacute thyroiditis
  • Idiopathic Hyprothyroidism

Adrenal Gland: B CELL MEDIATED
- Addison’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cell mediates Autoimmune diseases of the Islets of Langerhans?
- what are these diseases?

A

T cell Mediated - DIABETES

Type 1 Diabetes:

  • Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
  • Juvenile-Onset Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes:

  • Insulin-Resistant Diabetes
  • Adult Onset Diabetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to Thyroglobulin when Thyroid Hormone is NOT Required?
- What about when it IS required?

A

Not Required:
- Thyroglobulin is stored in its Iodinated form

Required:
- Iodinated Thyroglobulin is cleaved into T3 and T4 and secreted from the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to a child that has a mom with Grave’s at birth?
- what is done to protect the child?

A
  • IgG that is TSH receptor specific will be present in the baby (b/c IgG can cross the placental barrier via Brambell receptor)
  • Plasmapheresis is done at birth to remove all TSR specific Antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Pyridostigmine?

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitor

**Used to Treat Myasthenia Gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What would you expect to see on an H and E slide of a glomerulus of a patient who has lupus?

A

Thickened Basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why would fluorescence be a good method to look to see if a patient had lupus?

A

You can stain their glomerulus using fluorescent anti-human IgG, if the tissue fluorescence it means your immune system has been attacking that tissue with Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would you expect to see in an H and E stain of the pancreas from a patient with insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus?

A

ß-cell in the islets of Langerhans will be infiltrated with lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does Infliximab work?

- what disease is it commonly used to treat?

A

Infliximab:
- Anti-TNF alpha antibody

  • Treats Rheumatoid Arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does Ritiximab work?

- what disease is it commonly used to treat?

A

Ritiximab:
- binds to CD20 on B cells which results in NK cells killing B cells via ADCC

  • Treats Rheumatoid Arthritis

**Confusing because RA is typically thought of to be a T cell autoimmune disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What general trend is observed regarding gender and autoimmune disease?
- what are the exceptions?

A

Women are MUCH more likely to get any kind of autoimmune disease than a male is

Except for:

  • Ankylosing Spondylititis (men outnumber women)
  • Psoriasis (men and women are equal)
  • Wegener’s Granulomatosis (men and women are equal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: TCR inheritance is a strong predictor of autoimmune disease

A

FALSE, MHC inheritance is very strongly correlated to autoimmune disease

17
Q

What is the significance of HLA-DR3?

A

MHC class II haplotype Strongly associated with incidence of production of AUTOANTIBODIES that interfere with:

  • ENDOCRINE function
  • NEURONAL signaling
18
Q

What mutation has a Strong Association with Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Point Mutation at AA #57 of the HLA-DQ ß-chain

**This is strange correlation because HLA-DQ is an MHC class II, but this a CTL mediated disease

19
Q

What are the Immunologically Privileged Site in the body?

- what makes them Privileged?

A

Sites:

  • Eyes
  • Testes
  • Placenta

**These are functionally separated from the rest of the body so there antigens are localized ONLY to that site

20
Q

Why would it be bad if a privileged tissue like the testes was exposed to a T cell?

A

Due to its functional separation there is no tissue available to use during thymic selection and therefore T cells that are reactive towards Teste tissue are highly likely to exist

**This of particular concern during trauma

21
Q

Why don’t you have to worry about corneal injury causing host cell response to privileged tissue?

A

The cornea is avascular so it no lymphocytes would be able to get there

22
Q

What is the significance of HLA-B27?

- disease?

A

Cross-Reactivity

  • It presents antigens from MANY types of bacteria that mimic host proteins
  • This leads to diseases like Reactive arthritis
23
Q

What should you think when you see Campylobacter Jejuni?

A

Guillian Barre Syndrome

24
Q

What treatment is often used for patients who suffer from chronic autoimmunity of blood cells (red or white)?

A

Splenectomy - this reduces the rate at which RBCs are destroyed

25
Q

T or F: in pts. who have neutropenia from autoimmunity, the neutrophils are highly susceptible to MAC

A

False, nucleated cells are not that susceptible to MAC

26
Q

T or F: HLA haplotypes often play an important role in the inheritance of autoimmune diseases

A

True, often Two Siblings that both have diabetes melitus each have the same haplotype

27
Q

What HLA haplotype may predispose you to getting Goodpasture’s Syndrome?

A

HLA-DR2

28
Q

What is a common variable among those who have Goodpasture’s Syndrome and experience pulmonary Hemorrhage?
- What process explains why is this observed in this group of people?

A

Smoking - those who experience this effect are often smokers

Why:
- 1st in non-smokers the basement membrane of alveoli is closed off from Abs.

  • 2nd Smoking damages alveoli which compromises tissue integrity allowing Abs. in
29
Q

Sympathetic Opthalmia

  • what is it?
  • What causes it?
  • what does this indicate about privileged sites?
A

What is it:
- Immune system attacks the eye (anterior compartment)

Why:

  • Damage to the eye can disrupt this normally immunologically privileged site allowing APCs to present antigens
  • Since body has not be desensitized to this tissue it will attack it
  • BOTH EYES get attacked

Indicates:
- PHYSICAL separation is not what protects these tissues

30
Q

T or F: like the testes the uterus is also immunologically protected

A

True

IMMUNOLOGY: CMOD-Block 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions