17. Artificial hemostasis Flashcards
- Artificial hemostasis
Artificial hemostasis
-temporary(provisional)
-definitive
-temporary (provisional(väliaikainen)) artificial hemostasis
>manual pressure(manuaalinen paine)
>tamponade
>pressure bandage(paineside)
>hemostats (forceps)(pihdit)
>tourniquet(kiristysside)
-definitive(lopullinen) artificial hemostasis
>mechanical
>physical
>chemical
>biological
> mechanical hemostasis
*tamponade–the closure or a blockade of a wound as if or by a tampon to stop bleeding(absorbent material,pressure);mild
capillary or parenchymatous hemorrhage
*ligation–placement of a surgical suture(smallest material possible?)around a vessel(kirurgisen ompeleen asettaminen suonen ympärille);arterial,venous hemorrhage(valtimo,laskimo verenvuoto)
^transfixation ligature(larger arteries)(suuremmat valtimot)
^mass ligature–preferably not used
> physical hemostasis
*low local temperature–vasoconstriction(minor bleeding)
*high temperature:electrocautery(sähköpoltto)
^monopolar(yksinapainen):generator,active electrode, return electrode), burn and also cuts!
^bipolar(kaksinapainen)(generator,2 poles,patient’s body) only burns
> chemical hemostasis
*topical substances(paikalliset aineet)
^bone wax(luuvaha)(tamponade)
^gelatin-and cellulose-based hemostatic products(clotting)(hyytymistä edistävät)
^adrenalin(vasoconstriction)(verisuonen supistuminen)
*systemic treatment(mostly preventive)
^Ca
^vitamin K
^tranexamic acid(Cyclokapron)
> biological hemostasis
goal is to promote coagulation(veren hyytymistä edistävät)
*localized use:
^covering the bleeding(not severe) with a part of the omentum
*systemic use:
^blood transfusion(blood coagulation factor concentrates)
