17: Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid

Answer 1

A substance that can donate a H† ion

Question 2

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a base

Answer 2

A substance that can accept an H† ion

Question 3

How does a base interact with a H† ion

Answer 3

It uses its lone pair to form a dative covalent bond with the proton

Question 4

What is a strong acid

Answer 4

Acid that is completely ionised in aqueous solution

Question 5

What is a strong base

Answer 5

A base that is completely ionised in aqueous solution

Question 6

What is a weak acid

Answer 6

Acid that is only partially ionised in aqueous solution

Question 7

What is a weak base

Answer 7

A base that only partially ionises in aqueous solution

Question 8

Examples of strong acids

Answer 8

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Nitric acid (HNO₃)

Question 9

Examples of strong bases

Answer 9

Metal hydroxides

Question 10

Examples of weak acids

Answer 10

Carboxylic acids

Phenols

Question 11

Examples of weak bases

Answer 11

Ammonia

Amines

Question 12

What is a hydroxonium ion (H₃O†)

Answer 12

Formed when a water molecule acts as a base and uses one the lone pairs on oxygen to form a dative covalent bond to H†

Question 13

What is the conjugate base of water when H₂O is the conjugate acid

Answer 13

OH¯

Question 14

What is the conjucate acid when H₂O is the conjugate base

Answer 14

H₃O†

Question 15

In general if a conjugate acid is strong, how strong is the conjugate base

Answer 15

Weak

Question 16

If a mixture is made of two acids, how might it still set up a acid-base equilibrium

Answer 16

The stronger acid acts as an acid and donates the H†

And the weaker acid acts as the base and accepts the H†

Question 17

Where does the equilibrium lie for the reaction of HCl with water

Answer 17

Far to the right as the HCl is completely ionised